Editing Insecticide (section)

=== Persistence in the environment and accumulation in the food chain ===
[[DDT]] was the first organic insecticide. It was introduced during [[World War II|WW2]], and was widely used. One use was [[vector control]] and it was sprayed on open water. It degrades slowly in the environment, and it is [[Lipophilicity|lipophilic]] (fat soluble). It became the first [[Persistent organic pollutant|global pollutant]], and the first pollutant to [[Bioaccumulation|accumulate]]<ref name="Castro">{{cite book |last1=Castro |first1=Peter |title=Marine Biology |last2=Huber |first2=Michael E. |date=2010 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. |isbn=978-0-07-352416-0 |edition=8th |location=New York |oclc=488863548}}</ref> and [[Biomagnification|magnify]] in the [[food chain]].<ref name="pubs.caes.uga.edu">Pesticide Usage in the United States: History, Benefits, Risks, and Trends; Bulletin 1121, November 2000, K.S. Delaplane, Cooperative Extension Service, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences {{cite web |title=Pesticide Usage in the United States: History, Benefits, Risks, and Trends |url=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubs/PDF/B1121.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613142901/http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubs/PDF/B1121.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-13 |access-date=2012-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Quinn |first=Amie L. |title=The impacts of agricultural chemicals and temperature on the physiological stress response in fish |type=MSc Thesis |publisher=University of Lethbridge |url=http://opus.uleth.ca/handle/10133/676 |year=2007 |location=Lethbridge}}</ref> During the 1950s and 1960s these very undesirable side effects were recognized, and after some often [[Silent Spring|contentious]] discussion, DDT was banned in many countries in the 1960s and 1970s. Finally in 2001 DDT and all other [[Persistent organic pollutant|persistent]] insecticides were banned via the [[Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants|Stockholm Convention]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) |url=https://www.pops.int/ |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 2005 |title=Ridding The World of Pops: A Guide to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants |url=http://www.pops.int/documents/guidance/beg_guide.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315065236/http://www.pops.int/documents/guidance/beg_guide.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme}}</ref> Since many decades the authorities require new insecticides to degrade in the environment and not to bioaccumulate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2024 |title=Pesticide Registration |url=https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=United States Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref>