Editing Information theory (section)

===Integrated process organization of neural information===
Quantitative information theoretic methods have been applied in [[cognitive science]] to analyze the integrated process organization of neural information in the context of the [[binding problem]] in [[cognitive neuroscience]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Maurer|first=H.|year=2021|title=Cognitive Science: Integrative Synchronization Mechanisms in Cognitive Neuroarchitectures of the Modern Connectionism|language=en|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton/FL|chapter=Chapter 10: Systematic Class of Information Based Architecture Types|isbn=978-1-351-04352-6|doi=10.1201/9781351043526}}</ref> In this context, either an information-theoretical measure, such as {{em|functional clusters}} ([[Gerald Edelman]] and [[Giulio Tononi]]'s functional clustering model and dynamic core hypothesis (DCH)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Edelman|first1=G.M.|first2=G.|last2=Tononi|year=2000|title=A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination|language=en|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0465013777}}</ref>) or {{em|effective information}} (Tononi's [[integrated information theory]] (IIT) of consciousness<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tononi|first1=G.|first2=O.|last2=Sporns|year=2003|title=Measuring information integration|journal=BMC Neuroscience|language=en|volume=4|pages=1–20|doi=10.1186/1471-2202-4-31|doi-access=free |pmid=14641936 |pmc=331407 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Tononi|first=G.|year=2004a|title=An information integration theory of consciousness|journal=BMC Neuroscience|language=en|volume=5|pages=1–22|doi=10.1186/1471-2202-5-42|doi-access=free |pmid=15522121 |pmc=543470 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Tononi|first=G.|year=2004b|chapter=Consciousness and the brain: theoretical aspects|editor1-first=G.|editor1-last=Adelman|editor2-first=B.|editor2-last=Smith|title=Encyclopedia of Neuroscience|language=en|edition=3rd|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam, Oxford|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265238140|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202031406/https://www.jsmf.org/meetings/2003/nov/consciousness_encyclopedia_2003.pdf|archive-date=2023-12-02|url-status=live|isbn=0-444-51432-5}}</ref>), is defined (on the basis of a reentrant process organization, i.e. the synchronization of neurophysiological activity between groups of neuronal populations), or the measure of the minimization of free energy on the basis of statistical methods ([[Karl J. Friston]]'s [[free energy principle]] (FEP), an information-theoretical measure which states that every adaptive change in a self-organized system leads to a minimization of free energy, and the [[Bayesian brain]] hypothesis<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Friston|first1=K.|first2=K.E.|last2=Stephan|year=2007|title=Free-energy and the brain|journal=Synthese|language=en|volume=159|issue=3 |pages=417–458|doi=10.1007/s11229-007-9237-y|pmid=19325932 |pmc=2660582 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Friston|first=K.|year=2010|title=The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|language=en|volume=11|issue=2 |pages=127–138|doi=10.1038/nrn2787|pmid=20068583 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Friston|first1=K.|first2=M.|last2=Breakstear|first3=G.|last3=Deco|year=2012|title=Perception and self-organized instability|journal=Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience|language=en|volume=6|pages=1–19|doi=10.3389/fncom.2012.00044|doi-access=free |pmid=22783185 |pmc=3390798 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Friston|first=K.|year=2013|title=Life as we know it|journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface|language=en|volume=10|issue=86 |pages=20130475|doi=10.1098/rsif.2013.0475|pmid=23825119 |pmc=3730701 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kirchhoff|first1=M.|first2=T.|last2=Parr|first3=E.|last3=Palacios|first4=K.|last4=Friston|first5=J.|last5=Kiverstein|year=2018|title=The Markov blankets of life: autonomy, active inference and the free energy principle|journal=Journal of the Royal Society Interface|language=en|volume=15|issue=138 |pages=20170792|doi=10.1098/rsif.2017.0792|pmid=29343629 |pmc=5805980 }}</ref>).