Editing Indian independence movement (section)

== Purna Swaraj ==
{{Main|Purna Swaraj}}
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File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|[[C. Rajagopalachari]], was an Indian nationalist who participated in the agitations against the [[Rowlatt Act]], joining the [[Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)|Non-cooperation movement]], the [[Vaikom Satyagraha]], and the [[Civil disobedience movement]].
File:Krishna Menon.jpg|[[V. K. Krishna Menon]] in 1928 founded [[India League]] in London and demanded total independence from the British rule.
File:Nehru in 1930.jpg|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] in 1929 demanded "complete independence from Great Britain."
File:Sardar patel (cropped).jpg|Vallabhbhai Patel was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.
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Congress leader and famous poet [[Hasrat Mohani]] and [[Communist Party of India]] leader [[Swami Kumaranand]] had demanded complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from the British in 1921 and put the resolution during an All-India Congress Forum at the [[Ahmedabad]] Session of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]].<ref name=MilliGazette>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/4146-hasrat-mohani-Syed-Fazlul-Hasan|title=Profile: Maulana Hasrat Mohani|website=The Milli Gazette (newspaper)|language=en|date=6 October 2012|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329175410/http://www.milligazette.com/news/4146-hasrat-mohani-Syed-Fazlul-Hasan|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]] supported the 'Purna Swaraj' motion demanded by Hasrat Mohani.<ref name="Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav">{{cite web|last1=Ministry of Culture|first1=Government of India|title=Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi|url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?138|website=amritmahotsav.nic.in}}</ref>

In 1928, [[India League]] was established by [[V. K. Krishna Menon]] in London to demand total independence from the British rule.<ref>{{cite book | title=V.K. Krishna Menon Remembered | publisher=Indian Society of International Law | year=2005 | isbn=978-81-7827-133-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2iFuAAAAMAAJ| page=4}}</ref><ref name="Rana 2022 p. 65">{{cite book | last=Rana | first=K.S. | title=Churchill and India: Manipulation or Betrayal? | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-000-72827-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGWFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT65|page=65}}</ref> This organisation has been described as "the principal organisation promoting Indian nationalism in pre-war Britain".<ref name="McGarr 2011">{{cite journal | last=McGarr | first=Paul M. | title="India's Rasputin"?: V. K. Krishna Menon and Anglo–American Misperceptions of Indian Foreign Policymaking, 1947–1964 | journal=Diplomacy & Statecraft | volume=22 | issue=2 | date=2011 | issn=0959-2296 | doi=10.1080/09592296.2011.576536 | pages=239–260}}</ref>

Following the rejection of the [[Simon Commission|Simon Commission's]] rejections, an all-party conference was held at [[Mumbai]] in May 1928 to instill a sense of camaraderie. The conference appointed a committee under [[Motilal Nehru]] to create a constitution for India. The Kolkata session of the Indian National Congress asked the British government to accord India dominion status by December 1929, or face a countrywide civil disobedience movement.
Amid rising discontent and increasingly violent regional movements, a call for complete sovereignty and an end to British rule found greater support from the people.  At the [[Lahore]] session in December 1929, the Indian National Congress adopted the aim of complete self-rule. It authorised the Working Committee to launch a civil disobedience movement throughout the country.  It was decided that 26 January 1930 should be observed all over India as the ''[[Purna Swaraj]]'' (complete self-rule) Day.[[File:1931 Flag of India.svg|alt=The flag adopted, during the Purna Swaraj movement, in 1931 and used by Provisional Government during the subsequent years of Second World War.|thumb|The flag adopted, during the Purna Swaraj movement, in 1931 and used by [[Arzi Hukumate Azad Hind|Provisional Government during the subsequent years of Second World War]].]]The [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] was signed in March 1931, and the government agreed to release political prisoners. Mahatma Gandhi managed to have over 90,000 political prisoners released under this pact.<ref>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh, Volume 3, p. 36, Sirajul Islam, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</ref> Though his appeal to terminate the death sentences of [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Shivaram Rajguru]] was not accepted by the British. For the next few years, Congress and the government negotiated until the [[Government of India Act 1935]] emerged. The Muslim League disputed the claim of the Congress to represent all people of India, while the Congress disputed the Muslim League's claim to voice the aspirations of all Muslims.

The Civil Disobedience Movement launched a new chapter in the Indian independence movement. It did not succeed by itself, but it brought the Indian population together, under the Indian National Congress's leadership. The movement resulted in self rule being a talking point once again, and recruited more Indians to the idea. The movement allowed the Indian independence community to revive their inner confidence and strength against the British Government. In addition, the movement weakened the authority of the British and aided in the end of the British Empire in India. Overall, the civil disobedience Movement was an essential achievement in the history of Indian self-rule because it persuaded New Delhi of the role of the masses in [[self-determination]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Greenough|first=Paul R.|date=1999|title=Political mobilisation and the Underground Literature of the Quit Indian Movement, 1942–44|journal=Social Scientist|volume=27 |issue=7/8 |pages=11–47|jstor=3518012|doi=10.2307/3518012}}</ref>[[File:Jinnah Gandhi.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] with [[Mahatma Gandhi]], 1944.|left]]