Editing Hybrid (biology) (section)

==== Mammals ====
Familiar examples of [[equid hybrid]]s are the mule, a cross between a female horse and a male donkey, and the hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Pairs of complementary types like the mule and hinny are called reciprocal hybrids.<ref name="Griesbach">{{cite journal |last1=Griesbach |first1=Robert J. |title=That Reciprocal Cross — Is It a Mule or Hinny? |url= http://www.aos.org/AOS/media/Content-Images/PDFs/Judges%20Forum/Griesbach_Robert_ThatReciprocalCross_word_.pdf |journal=Awards Quarterly |date=1986 |volume=17 |issue=3 |page=149 |access-date=19 March 2017 |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170320150300/http://www.aos.org/AOS/media/Content-Images/PDFs/Judges%20Forum/Griesbach_Robert_ThatReciprocalCross_word_.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Polar bear]]s and [[brown bear]]s are another case of a hybridizing species pairs,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1216424 |title=Nuclear Genomic Sequences Reveal that Polar Bears Are an Old and Distinct Bear Lineage |date=2012 |last1=Hailer |first1=F. |last2=Kutschera |first2=V. E. |last3=Hallstrom |first3=B. M. |last4=Klassert |first4=D. |last5=Fain |first5=S. R. |last6=Leonard |first6=J. A. |last7=Arnason |first7=U. |last8=Janke |first8=A. |s2cid=12671275 |journal=Science |volume=336 |issue=6079 |pages=344–347 |pmid=22517859 |bibcode=2012Sci...336..344H |hdl=10261/58578 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> and [[introgression]] among non-sister species of bears appears to have shaped the [[Ursidae]] family tree.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kutschera |first1=V. E. |last2=Bidon |first2=T. |last3=Hailer |first3=F. |last4=Rodi |first4=J. |last5=Fain |first5=S. R. |last6=Janke |first6=A. |title=Bears in a forest of gene trees: phylogenetic inference is complicated by incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=2004–2017 |date=2014 |pmid=24903145 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msu186|pmc=4104321}}</ref> Among many other mammal crosses are [[hybrid camel]]s, crosses between a [[bactrian camel]] and a [[dromedary camel|dromedary]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bulliet |first=R. W. |title=The Camel and the Wheel |url= https://archive.org/details/camelwheel0000bull |url-access=registration |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=1975 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/camelwheel0000bull/page/164 164–175] |isbn=9780674091306}}</ref> There are many examples of [[felid hybrid]]s, including the [[liger]]. The oldest-known animal hybrid bred by humans is the [[kunga (equid)|kunga]] equid hybrid produced as a draft animal and status symbol 4,500 years ago in [[Umm el-Marra]], present-day [[Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2022 |title=Part donkey, part wild ass, the kunga is the oldest known hybrid bred by humans |url= https://www.sciencenews.org/article/kunga-donkey-wild-ass-hybrid-biology |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Science News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Gamillo |first2=Elizabeth |title=This Ancient Wild Ass Was the Earliest Known Animal Hybrid Bred by Humans |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-mesopotamian-kungas-are-the-earliest-known-animal-hybrid-bred-by-humans-180979419/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

The first known instance of hybrid speciation in marine mammals was discovered in 2014. The [[clymene dolphin]] (''Stenella clymene'') is a hybrid of two Atlantic species, the [[spinner dolphin|spinner]] and [[striped dolphin]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhanoo |first=Sindya |title=Scientists Find Rare Hybrid of Two Other Dolphin Species |url= http://nyti.ms/1aitQFT |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=20 January 2014 |date=13 January 2014 |archive-date=29 May 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200529005403/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/14/science/scientists-find-rare-hybrid-of-two-other-dolphin-species.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, scientists confirmed that a skull found 30 years earlier was a hybrid between the [[beluga whale]] and [[narwhal]], dubbed the [[narluga]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kovrind |first1=Mikkel |last2=eight others |title=Hybridization between two high Arctic cetaceans confirmed by genomic analysis |url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44038-0 |url-status=live |access-date=6 June 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611014540/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44038-0 |archive-date=11 June 2020}}</ref>