Editing Holland Tunnel (section)

===Accidents and terrorism===
The first fatal vehicular crash in the Holland Tunnel happened in March 1932, four and a half years after it opened. One person died and two others were injured.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/19/archives/one-killed-2-hurt-in-holland-tube-collision-first-fatal-crash-halts.html|title=One Killed, 2 Hurt in Holland Tube Collision; First Fatal Crash Halts Traffic 20 Minutes|date=March 19, 1932|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=May 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516020636/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/19/archives/one-killed-2-hurt-in-holland-tube-collision-first-fatal-crash-halts.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[1949 Holland Tunnel fire]], which started aboard a chemical truck, caused severe damage to the south tube of the tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Spiegel |first=Irving |title=Chaotic Scenes in Tunnel Described by the Injured; Views Inside the Holland Tunnel Following Chemical Explosion and Series of Fires Yesterday |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB081EFB3859157A93C6A8178ED85F4D8485F9 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |date=May 14, 1949 |page=1 |access-date=May 29, 2010 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150648/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB081EFB3859157A93C6A8178ED85F4D8485F9 |url-status=live }}</ref> The fire resulted in 69 injuries and nearly $600,000 worth of damage to the structure. In addition, two first responders, a FDNY battalion chief and a Port Authority patrolman, died as a result of injuries sustained in fighting the fire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Robert W. |title=Highway under the Hudson: A History of the Holland Tunnel |year=2011 |publisher=NYU Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8147-4299-0 |page=179}}</ref>

Due to its status as one of the few connections between [[Manhattan]] and [[New Jersey]], the Holland Tunnel is considered to be one of the most high-risk terrorist target sites in the United States.<ref name="Gillespie 2011" />{{rp|118}} Other such sites in New Jersey include the [[Lincoln Tunnel]] in [[Weehawken, New Jersey]], the [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]] station at [[Exchange Place (PATH station)|Exchange Place]] in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], and the [[Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal|Port of Newark]] in [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Two most dangerous miles in U.S. |first=Gennarose |last=Pope |url=http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/17396079/article-Two-most-dangerous-miles-in-U-S---Congressmen-tour-4-terrorist-targets-in-Hudson-County--as---cuts-loom-?instance=jersey_city_story_left_column |newspaper=[[The Union City Reporter]] |date=February 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219204112/http://hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/17396079/article-Two-most-dangerous-miles-in-U-S---Congressmen-tour-4-terrorist-targets-in-Hudson-County--as---cuts-loom- |archive-date=February 19, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1995, [[Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman]] and nine other men were convicted of [[New York City landmark bomb plot|a bombing plot]] in which a radical Islamic group plotted to blow up five or six sites in New York City, including the Holland and Lincoln Tunnels and the George Washington Bridge.<ref>{{cite web | last=Fried | first=Joseph P. | title=The Terror Conspiracy: The Overview; Sheik And 9 Followers Guilty Of A Conspiracy Of Terrorism | website=The New York Times | issn=0362-4331 | date=October 2, 1995 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/02/nyregion/terror-conspiracy-overview-sheik-9-followers-guilty-conspiracy-terrorism.html | access-date=April 12, 2018 | archive-date=April 4, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404201341/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/02/nyregion/terror-conspiracy-overview-sheik-9-followers-guilty-conspiracy-terrorism.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2006, a [[Hudson River bomb plot|plot to detonate explosives]] in a Hudson River tunnel was uncovered by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]. It was originally reported that the Holland Tunnel was the target, but in a later update of the source, the plot was clarified to be aimed at the [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]]'s tubes instead of the Holland Tunnel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inbrief.threatswatch.org/2006/07/foreign-plot-to-bomb-holland-t/|title=Foreign Plot to Bomb Holland Tunnel Thwarted – Updated|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812050757/http://inbrief.threatswatch.org/2006/07/foreign-plot-to-bomb-holland-t/ |archive-date=August 12, 2021|website=Threat Watch}}</ref>

====September 11 attacks====
{{Further|September 11 attacks}}
Following the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]], the Holland Tunnel remained closed to all but emergency traffic for over a month, due to its proximity to the [[World Trade Center site]]. When the tunnel reopened on October 15, 2001, strict new regulations were enacted, and [[single-occupancy vehicle]]s and [[truck]]s were banned from entering the tunnel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gilbert |first=Pat R. |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-47570572.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102070457/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-47570572.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 2, 2012 |title=Traffic's a Breeze As Holland Tunnel Reopens |newspaper=[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]] |location=Hackensack, NJ |date=October 16, 2001 |access-date=September 25, 2008}}</ref> In March 2002, before all of the post-9/11 restrictions were lifted, a warehouse fire near the eastbound tube's New Jersey portal caused the tunnel to be closed entirely for five days;<ref>{{cite web | last=Jones | first=Richard Lezin | title=Some Inbound Holland Tunnel Lanes Reopen | website=The New York Times | issn=0362-4331 | date=March 27, 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/some-inbound-holland-tunnel-lanes-reopen.html | access-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519121039/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/27/nyregion/some-inbound-holland-tunnel-lanes-reopen.html | url-status=live }}</ref> the fire continued for over a week.<ref>{{cite web | last=Ramirez | first=Anthony | title=Metro Briefing – New Jersey: Jersey City: Holland Tunnel Access Expands | website=The New York Times | issn=0362-4331 | date=March 29, 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/29/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-jersey-jersey-city-holland-tunnel-access-expands.html | access-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519122436/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/29/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-jersey-jersey-city-holland-tunnel-access-expands.html | url-status=live }}</ref> That April, all trucks were banned from the westbound tube, and trucks with more than three axles were also banned from the eastbound tube.<ref>{{cite web | last=Crow | first=Kelly | title=Neighborhood Report: Lower Manhattan; Big Trucks Take More Detours, and Residents Near Holland Tunnel Just Smile | website=The New York Times | issn=0362-4331 | date=August 1, 2002 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/01/nyregion/neighborhood-report-lower-manhattan-big-trucks-take-more-detours-residents-near.html | access-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-date=May 19, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120547/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/01/nyregion/neighborhood-report-lower-manhattan-big-trucks-take-more-detours-residents-near.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Single-occupant vehicles were prohibited in the tunnel on weekday mornings between 6:00 am and 10:00 am until November 17, 2003, when the restrictions were lifted.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/manrivercross03.pdf |title=2003 Manhattan River Crossings |publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]] |date=February 2005 |access-date=September 26, 2008 |archive-date=October 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003183203/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/manrivercross03.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>