Editing History of physics (section)

===Other developments===

In 1822, botanist [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]] discovered [[Brownian motion]]: pollen grains in water undergoing movement resulting from their bombardment by the fast-moving atoms or molecules in the liquid.

In 1834, [[Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi|Carl Jacobi]] discovered his uniformly rotating self-gravitating ellipsoids (the [[Jacobi ellipsoid]]).

In 1834, [[John Scott Russell|John Russell]] observed a nondecaying solitary water wave ([[soliton]]) in the [[Union Canal (Scotland)|Union Canal]] near [[Edinburgh]], Scotland, and used a water tank to study the dependence of solitary water wave velocities on wave amplitude and water depth. In 1835, [[Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis|Gaspard Coriolis]] examined theoretically the mechanical efficiency of waterwheels, and deduced the [[Coriolis effect]]. In 1842, [[Christian Doppler]] proposed the [[Doppler effect]].

In 1851, [[Léon Foucault]] showed the Earth's rotation with a huge [[pendulum]] ([[Foucault pendulum]]).

There were important advances in [[continuum mechanics]] in the first half of the century, namely formulation of [[elastic modulus|laws of elasticity]] for solids and discovery of [[Navier–Stokes equations]] for fluids.

{{clear left}}