Editing History of Romania (section)

=== 1991 constitution ===

In the [[1991 Romanian constitutional referendum|first referendum]] in post-Decembrist Romania, a [[Constitution of Romania|new constitution]] was adopted in 1991,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gherghina |first1=Sergiu |date=August 2019 |title=Hijacked Direct Democracy |url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/167694/ |journal=East European Politics and Societies |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=778–797 |doi=10.1177/0888325418800553 |s2cid=158726014 |access-date=2022-12-01}}</ref> being revised in [[2003 Romanian constitutional referendum|2003]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CONSTITUTION OF ROMANIA |url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=371 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=www.cdep.ro}}</ref> In [[2018 Romanian constitutional referendum|2018]], 93.4% of the electorate voted in favor of amending the constitution definition of family in order to prohibit [[same-sex marriage]], although the change was not implemented due to an only 21% voter turnout.<ref>[http://referendum2018.bec.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/prezenta_16.01.pdf Referendumul naţional pentru revizuirea Constituţiei din 6 și 7 octombrie 2018]</ref>

In March 1992, the FSN split into two groups: the [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic National Front]] (FDSN), led by Iliescu and the [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] (PD), led by Roman. Iliescu won the presidential elections in September 1992 and his FDSN won the general elections held at the same time. [[Red Quadrilateral|With parliamentary support]] from the nationalist [[Romanian National Unity Party]] (PUNR), [[Greater Romania Party]] (PRM), and the ex-communist Socialist Workers' Party (PSM), a new government was formed in November 1992 under Prime Minister [[Nicolae Văcăroiu]]. The FDSN changed its name to [[Party of Social Democracy in Romania]] (PDSR) in July 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Romania - Political Stability, Economic Reforms, and Corruption Trials {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Romania/New-constitution |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

The subsequent disintegration of the National Salvation Front (FSN) produced the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR) (later [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]], PSD), the [[Democratic Party (Romania)|Democratic Party]] (PD),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=225. Romania's First Post-Communist Decade: From Iliescu to Iliescu {{!}} Wilson Center |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/225-romanias-first-post-communist-decade-iliescu-to-iliescu |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org |date=7 July 2011 |language=en}}</ref> and the ApR ([[List of political parties in Romania#Post−1989 parties|Alliance for Romania]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teodor Melescanu implineste 70 de ani |url=https://ziare.com/teodor-melescanu/pnl/teodor-melescanu-implineste-70-de-ani-1080641 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Ziare.com |language=ro}}</ref> The PDSR party governed Romania from 1990 until 1996 through several coalitions and governments with Iliescu as head of state.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
[[Emil Constantinescu]] of the [[Romanian Democratic Convention|Democratic Convention]] (CDR) won the second round of the 1996 presidential election and replaced Iliescu as head of state.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Popescu|first=Liliana|date=April 1997|title=A Change of Power in Romania: The Results and Significance of the November 1996 Elections|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/change-of-power-in-romania-the-results-and-significance-of-the-november-1996-elections/3227BF839545F4CE61B82155866733E0#|journal=Government and Opposition|language=en|volume=32|issue=2|pages=172–186|doi=10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00156.x|s2cid=146186773 |issn=0017-257X}}</ref> The PDSR won the largest number of seats but failed to form a viable coalition. Constituent parties of the CDR joined the Democratic Party (PD) and the [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania]] (UDMR/RMDSZ) to form a centrist coalition government, holding 60% of the seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=ROMANIA Parliamentary Chamber: Camera Deputatilor |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2261_96.htm |website=IPU |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> This coalition implemented several critical reforms. The new coalition government, under prime minister [[Victor Ciorbea]] remained in office until March 1998, when [[Radu Vasile]] (PNȚ-CD) took over as prime minister. The former governor of the National Bank, [[Mugur Isărescu]], eventually replaced [[Radu Vasile]] as head of the government.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

The [[2000 Romanian general election|2000 election]] brought Iliescu's PDSR, known as [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD) after the merger with the PSDR, back to power.<ref name=":0" /> Iliescu won a third term as the country's president. [[Adrian Năstase]] became the prime minister of the newly formed government.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Profile: Adrian Nastase |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1056361.html |access-date=2022-04-28 |newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=8 April 2008 |language=en|last1=Shafir |first1=Michael }}</ref>

In 2004, [[Traian Băsescu]] was elected president with an electoral coalition called [[Justice and Truth Alliance]] (DA).<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/13/international/europe/romanians-elect-mayor-of-bucharest-as-new-president.html|title = Romanians Elect Mayor of Bucharest as New President|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 13 December 2004|last1 = Dempsey|first1 = Judy}}</ref> The government was formed by a larger coalition which also included the [[Conservative Party (Romania)|Conservative Party]] (PC) and the [[Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania]] (UDMR).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Freedom in the World 2010 – Romania |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4c1a1ea10.html |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref>