Editing Hippocampus (section)

===Epilepsy===
[[File:Epilepsy- right hippocampal seizure onset.png|thumb|180px| An EEG showing epilepsy right-hippocampal seizure onset]]
[[File:Epilepsy-left hippocampal seizure onset.png|thumb|right|180px| An EEG showing epilepsy left-hippocampal seizure onset]]
The hippocampus is one of the few brain regions where new neurons are generated. This process of [[neurogenesis]] is confined to the dentate gyrus.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kuruba R, Hattiangady B, Shetty AK | title = Hippocampal neurogenesis and neural stem cells in temporal lobe epilepsy | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 14 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 65–73 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 18796338 | pmc = 2654382 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.08.020 | ref = refKuruba2009 }}</ref> Neurogenesis can be positively affected by exercise or negatively affected by [[epileptic seizure]]s.<ref name="ReferenceD"/>

Seizures in [[temporal lobe epilepsy]] can affect the normal development of new neurons and can cause tissue damage. [[Hippocampal sclerosis]]  specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage.<ref name="Thom">{{cite journal | vauthors = Thom M | title = Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review | journal = Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology | volume = 40 | issue = 5 | pages = 520–543 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 24762203 | pmc = 4265206 | doi = 10.1111/nan.12150 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chang BS, Lowenstein DH | title = Epilepsy | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 349 | issue = 13 | pages = 1257–1266 | date = September 2003 | pmid = 14507951 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMra022308 | ref = refChang2003 | author-link2 = Daniel H. Lowenstein (physician) }}</ref> It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sloviter RS | title = The neurobiology of temporal lobe epilepsy: too much information, not enough knowledge | journal = Comptes Rendus Biologies | volume = 328 | issue = 2 | pages = 143–153 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15771000 | doi = 10.1016/j.crvi.2004.10.010 | url = https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/biologies/articles/10.1016/j.crvi.2004.10.010/ | ref = refSloviter2005 }}</ref> However, in experimental settings where repetitive seizures are artificially induced in animals, hippocampal damage is a frequent result. This may be a consequence of the concentration of excitable [[glutamate receptor]]s in the hippocampus. Hyperexcitability can lead to [[cytotoxicity]] and cell death.<ref name="IoM"/> It may also have something to do with the hippocampus being a site where [[neurogenesis|new neurons]] continue to be created throughout life,<ref name="ReferenceD"/> and to abnormalities in this process.<ref name=IoM/>