Editing Himachal Pradesh (section)

=== Languages ===

[[File:Language Map of Himachal Pradesh (2011 Census).svg|left|thumb|Languages spoken by district<br/>
'''Western Pahari languages'''
{{legend|#d49a7d|60–70%}}
{{legend|#c77c57|70–80%}}
{{legend|#b0623b|80–90%}}
{{legend|#995533|90–100%}}
'''Kinnauri'''
{{legend|#3998ac|40–45%}}
{{legend|#266673|70–80%}}
'''Hindi'''
{{legend|#ffe0d1|30–40%}}
]]

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Himachal Pradesh (2011)<ref name="2011Census_Languages"/>
|label1 = [[Western Pahari|Pahadi]]    |value1 = 31.90 |color1 = coral
|label2 = [[Kangri language|Kangri]]   |value2 = 16.25 |color2 = lightblue 
|label3 = [[Hindi]]                    |value3 = 15.68 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Mandeali]]                 |value4 = 9.05  |color4 = green
|label5 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] |value5 = 4.42  |color5 = pink
|label6 = [[Bilaspuri language|Bilaspuri (Kahluri)]]
|value6 = 4.31  |color6 = purple
|label7 = [[Kullui]]                   |value7 = 2.86  |color7 = red
|label8 = [[Gaddi language|Gaddi]]     |value8 = 2.23  |color8 = yellow
|label9 = [[Chambeali]]
|value9 = 1.81  |color9 = magenta
|label10= [[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]]
|value10= 1.56  |color10 = darkblue
|label11= [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
|value11= 1.30  |color11 = orchid
|label12= [[Kinnauri language|Kinnauri]]
|value12= 1.20  |color12 = brown
|label13= "Other" Hindi
|value13= 1.18  |color13= aqua
|label14= [[Churahi language|Churahi]]
|value14= 1.10  |color14= turquoise
|label15 = Others                       |value15 = 5.15 |color15 = grey
}}
[[Hindi]] is the [[de jure]] official language of Himachal Pradesh and is spoken by the majority of the population as a [[lingua franca]].<ref name=langoff>{{cite web |url=http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages=33–34 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171523/http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref> [[Sanskrit]] is the additional official language of the state.<ref name="Sanskrit">{{cite news |title=Bill to make Sanskrit second official language of HP passed |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bill-to-make-sanskrit-second-official-language-of-hp-passed/730075.html |date=17 February 2019 |access-date=18 February 2019 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |author=Pratibha Chauhan |location=Shimla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218081810/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/bill-to-make-sanskrit-second-official-language-of-hp-passed/730075.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although mostly encountered in academic and symbolic contexts, the government of Himachal Pradesh is encouraging its wider study and use.<ref>{{cite news |last1=((ED staff writer)) |title=Government committed to popularise Sanskrit language in State: Himachal Pradesh CM |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/government-committed-popularise-sanskrit-language-state-himachal-pradesh-cm/ |access-date=13 February 2022 |work=India Education Diary |date=29 April 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234653/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/government-committed-popularise-sanskrit-language-state-himachal-pradesh-cm/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Most of the population, however, speaks natively one or another of the [[Western Pahari languages]] (locally also known as ''Himachali'' or just ''Pahari''), a subgroup of the [[Indo-Aryan languages]] that includes [[Bhattiyali dialect|Bhattiyali]], [[Bilaspuri language|Bilaspuri]], [[Chambeali]], [[Churahi]], [[Gaddi language|Gaddi]], [[Hinduri language|Hinduri]], [[Kangri language|Kangri]], [[Kullu language|Kullu]], [[Mahasu Pahari]], [[Mandeali language|Mandeali]], [[Pahari Kinnauri language|Pahari Kinnauri]], [[Pangwali]], and [[Sirmauri language|Sirmauri]]. Additional Indo-Aryan languages spoken include [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (native to 4.4% of the population), [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (1.3%), [[Chinali language|Chinali]], [[Lahul Lohar language|Lahul Lohar]], and others. In parts of the state there are speakers of [[Tibeto-Burman languages]] like [[Kinnauri language|Kinnauri]] (1.2%), [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]] (0.3%), [[Lahuli–Spiti languages]] (0.16%), [[Pattani language|Pattani]] (0.12%), [[Bhoti Kinnauri]], [[Chitkuli Kinnauri language|Chitkuli Kinnauri]], [[Bunan language|Bunan]] (or Gahri), [[Jangshung]], [[Kanashi language|Kanashi]], [[Shumcho]], [[Spiti Bhoti]], [[Sunam language|Sunam]], [[Tinani language|Tinani]], and [[Tukpa language|Tukpa]].<ref name="2011Census_Languages">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Himachal Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10205/download/13317/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=6 October 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027033558/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX |url-status=live }} The census returns also include 32% who identify their language as Pahari; this can include speakers of any of the above-listed varieties of Himachali.</ref><ref>{{cite web |editor-last1=Eberhard |editor-first1=David M. |editor-last2=Simons |editor-first2=Gary F. |editor-last3=Fennig |editor-first3=Charles D. |year=2019 |title=India – Languages |edition=22nd |website=Ethnologue |publisher=SIL International |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages |access-date=7 October 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401120331/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN/languages |url-status=live }}</ref>