Editing Hanoi (section)

=== Civil society development ===
Part of the goals of the [[Đổi Mới]] economic reforms was to decentralize governance for purpose of economic improvement. This led to the establishment of the first issue-oriented civic organizations in Hanoi. In the 1990s, Hanoi experienced significant poverty alleviation as a result of both the market reforms and civil society movements.<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor=j.ctt2jbjk6.22 |journal=Viet Nam – A Transition Tiger? |date=2004 |publisher=ANU Press |isbn=978-0-7315-3750-1 |editor-last=Van Arkadie |editor-first=Brian |pages=224–234 |editor-last2=Mallon |editor-first2=Raymond |last1=Van Arkadie |first1=Brian |title=Poverty Alleviation |last2=Mallon |first2=Raymond}}</ref> Most of the civic organizations in Hanoi were established after 1995, at a rate much slower than in [[Ho Chi Minh City]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |journal=Asian Survey |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=867–889 |jstor=10.1525/as.2003.43.6.867 |language=en |doi=10.1525/as.2003.43.6.867 |last1=Wischermann |first1=Joerg |title=VIETNAM IN THE ERA OF DOI MOI: Issue-Oriented Organizations and Their Relationship to the Government |year=2003 |s2cid=59469399}}</ref> Organizations in Hanoi are more "tradition-bound", focused on policy, education, research, professional interests, and appealing to governmental organizations to solve social problems.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> This marked difference from [[Ho Chi Minh City|Ho Chi Minh's]] civic organizations, which practice more direct intervention to tackle social issues, may be attributed to the different societal identities of North and South Vietnam.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Hanoi-based civic organizations use more systematic development and less of a direct intervention approach to deal with issues of rural development, poverty alleviation, and environmental protection. They rely more heavily on full-time staff than volunteers. In Hanoi, 16.7% of civic organizations accept anyone as a registered member and 73.9% claim to have their own budgets, as opposed to 90.9% in [[Ho Chi Minh City]].<ref name="ReferenceA" /> A majority of the civic organizations in Hanoi find it difficult to work with governmental organizations. Many of the strained relations between non-governmental and governmental organizations results from [[statism]], a bias against non-state organizations on the part of government entities.<ref name="ReferenceA" />