Editing Hainan (section)

==Government==
[[File:“朱庐执刲”银印.JPG|thumb|[[Han dynasty]] seal unearthed in Hainan in 1984]]
[[File:“朱庐执刲”银印 阴刻.JPG|thumb|Han seal text: "Zhulu zhikui" – Zhuya commandery was abolished in 46 BC and reorganized as Zhulu county under [[Hepu Commandery]]]]

Even when Hainan Island was a part of [[Guangdong]], it had a considerable amount of local autonomy; the southern half of the island was an [[autonomous prefecture]]. Hainan's elevation to provincial level in 1988 increased its [[accountability]] to the [[Central People's Government]], but by designating the new province a [[Special economic zones of China|special economic zone]] the central government expressed its intent to allow Hainan maximum flexibility in devising programs to facilitate [[foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] and [[economic growth]]. Administratively, the province has been divided into five economic major districts.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

===Politics===
{{Main|Politics of Hainan|List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China}}
The politics of Hainan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in [[mainland China]].

The [[Governor of Hainan]] is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Hainan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the [[Party Secretary of Hainan|Hainan Chinese Communist Party Provincial Committee Secretary]]. The current Hainan Party Chief is [[Shen Xiaoming]].

===Legislation===
On 13 April 1988, the First Session of the Seventh [[National People's Congress]] decided to establish Hainan Province, and at the same time granted the Hainan Provincial People's Congress and its Standing Committee special legislative power.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-04/08/c_1122651375.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409083147/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-04/08/c_1122651375.htm|archive-date=9 April 2018|title = 海南用好特区立法权为发展"保驾护航"-新华网}}</ref>
After the 2019 free trade port plan is proposed, Hainan can enact legislation in economic, cultural, local affairs, social management, etc., and implement it in the Hainan Free Trade Zone (port).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hainan.gov.cn/zxtadata-8903.html |title=关于完善扩大海南特区立法权、促进海南自贸区（港）建设的提案 |access-date=16 February 2021 |archive-date=16 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916223327/https://www.hainan.gov.cn/zxtadata-8903.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Intelligence===
Per the research conducted by [[Information Warfare Monitor]], Hainan is the physical location of [[GhostNet]]. The Chinese government has officially denied the existence of a cyber war and intelligence operations anywhere on the island.

===Administrative===
In the official [[People's Republic of China|PRC]] territorial claim, Hainan Province includes not just one island, but also some two hundred [[South China Sea Islands]]. While the containment of the South China Sea Islands means that Hainan Province has a very large water body, it has a disproportionally small land area. [[James Shoal]] ({{lang|zh-hans|曾母暗沙}}, Zēngmǔ Ànshā), which is presently marked by the PRC, signifies the country's southernmost border. But [[Malaysia]] also claims that it is on their continental shelf.

===Subdivisions===
{{main|List of administrative divisions of Hainan|List of township-level divisions of Hainan}}
Hainan Province uses a slightly different administrative system than the other [[provinces of China]]. Most other provinces are divided entirely into [[Prefectures of the People's Republic of China|prefecture]]-level divisions, each of which is then divided entirely into [[Counties of the People's Republic of China|county]]-level divisions. County-level divisions generally do not come directly under the province. In Hainan, nearly all county-level divisions (the eight districts excepted) come directly under the province. This method of division is due to Hainan's relatively sparse population, totaling 9.26 million as of 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm|script-title=zh:中国统计年鉴—2018|website=www.stats.gov.cn|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=3 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403021245/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"
! colspan="9" |Administrative divisions of Hainan
|-
| colspan="9" style="font-size:larger" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Hainan (PRC claimed).svg|width=781|link=|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=845|y=180|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Haikou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=375|y=890|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Sanya]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1180|y=600|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Sansha]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=360|y=300|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Danzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=410|y=670|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Wuzhishan City|Wuzhishan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=845|y=470|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Qionghai]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1025|y=210|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Wenchang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=775|y=660|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Wanning]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=110|y=585|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Dongfang, Hainan|Dongfang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=800|y=340|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Ding'an County|Ding'an<br />County]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=655|y=420|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Tunchang County|Tunchang<br />County]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=645|y=245|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Chengmai County|Chengmai<br />County]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=520|y=195|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Lingao County|Lingao<br />County]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=335|y=475|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Baisha Li Autonomous County|Baisha<br />Li AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=180|y=475|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Changjiang Li Autonomous County|Changjiang<br />Li AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=200|y=740|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Ledong Li Autonomous County|Ledong<br />Li AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=610|y=800|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Lingshui Li Autonomous County|Lingshui<br />Li AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=415|y=770|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County|Baoting<br />Li and Miao AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=500|y=555|scale=781/1420|text='''[[Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County|Qiongzhong<br />Li and Miao AC]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=100|y=100|scale=781/1420|text=<span style="color: #CCFF99;">'''█'''</span> <span style="color: grey;">'''Provincial administered<br />county-level divisions'''</span>}}
{{Image label|x=520|y=880|scale=798/1330|text=<span style="color: grey;">☐ '''Sovereignty over Sansha is disputed, see<br />[[Territorial disputes in the South China Sea]].'''</span>}}
{{Image label end}}</div>
|-
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]] |access-date=11 December 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html }}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{in lang|zh}}{{cite book|language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|access-date=29 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population 2020<ref>{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat
!! scope="col" colspan="4" | Divisions<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans |author=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]] |script-title=zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》|date=August 2014 |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn= 978-7-5037-7130-9}}</ref>
|-
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[District (China)|Districts]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Counties of the People's Republic of China|Counties]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China|Aut. counties]]
!! scope="col" width="45" | [[County-level city|CL cities]]
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 460000 !! Hainan Province
| 35,191.00 || 10,081,232 || [[Haikou]] city || 10 || 4 || 6 || 5
|-
! 460100 !! [[Haikou]] city
| 2,304.80 || 2,873,358 || [[Xiuying District]] || 4 ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 460200 !! [[Sanya]] city
| 1,910.67 || 1,031,396 || [[Jiyang District, Sanya|Jiyang District]] || 4 ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 460300 !! [[Sansha]] city*
| 788.00 || 2,333 || [[Xisha District]] || 2 ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|
|-
! 460400 !! [[Danzhou]] city<sup>#</sup>
| 3,394.00 || 954,259 || ''[[Nada, Hainan|Nada]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|   ||bgcolor="grey"|
|- style = "background:lightgrey; height: 2pt"
| colspan = "12" |
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469001 !! [[Wuzhishan City|Wuzhishan]] city**
| 1,131.00 || 112,269 || ''[[Tongza]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469002 !! [[Qionghai]] city**
| 1,710.14 || 528,238 || ''[[Jiaji]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469005 !! [[Wenchang]] city**
| 2,459.18 || 560,894 || ''[[Wencheng, Wenchang|Wencheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469006 !! [[Wanning]] city**
| 1,899.90 || 545,992 || ''[[Wancheng, Wanning|Wancheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469007 !! [[Dongfang, Hainan|Dongfang]] city**
| 2,272.29 || 444,458 || ''[[Basuo]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469021 !! [[Ding'an County]]**
| 1,187.00 || 284,690 || ''[[Dingcheng, Hainan|Dingcheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469022 !! [[Tunchang County]]**
| 1,223.97 || 255,335 || ''[[Tuncheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469023 !! [[Chengmai County]]**
| 2,076.28 || 497,953 || ''[[Jinjiang, Hainan|Jinjiang]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469024 !! [[Lingao County]]**
| 1,343.33 || 420,594 || ''[[Lincheng, Hainan|Lincheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469025 !! [[Baisha Li Autonomous County]]**
| 2,117.20 || 164,699 || ''[[Yacha, Hainan|Yacha]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469026 !! [[Changjiang Li Autonomous County]]**
| 1,617.70 || 232,124 || ''[[Shilu, Hainan|Shilu]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469027 !! [[Ledong Li Autonomous County]]**
| 2,763.53 || 464,435 || ''[[Baoyou]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469028 !! [[Lingshui Li Autonomous County]]**
| 1,121.24 || 372,511 || ''[[Yelin]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469029 !! [[Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County]]**
| 1,166.78 || 156,108 || ''[[Baocheng, Hainan|Baocheng]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|- bgcolor="lightyellow"
! 469030 !! [[Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County]]**
| 2,704.00 || 179,586 || ''[[Yinggen]] town'' ||bgcolor="grey"|  ||bgcolor="grey"|  || 1 ||bgcolor="grey"| 
|-
| colspan = "12" | <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Sovereignty over Sansha (including the Paracel, Spratly and Zhongsha Islands) is disputed as of {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}.<br />
<nowiki>**</nowiki> – Directly administered county-level divisions<br />
<nowiki>#</nowiki> – direct-piped cities – does not contain any county-level divisions
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
! colspan="5" |Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
|-
! English !! Chinese !! Pinyin !! Hainanese Romanzation
|-
| '''Hainan Province''' || {{nobold|{{lang|zh|海南省}}}} || '''Hǎinán Shěng''' || '''Hai Nam Teng'''
|-
| [[Haikou]] city || {{lang|zh|海口市}} || Hǎikǒu Shì || Hai Khau Si
|-
| [[Sanya]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|三亚市}} || Sānyà Shì || Tam Ah Si
|-
| [[Sansha]] city || {{lang|zh|三沙市}} || Sānshā Shì || Tam Sa Si
|-
| [[Danzhou]] city || {{lang|zh|儋州市}} || Dānzhōu Shì || Dam Ju Si
|-
| [[Wuzhishan City|Wuzhishan]] city || {{lang|zh|五指山市}} || Wǔzhǐshān Shì || Ngou Ji Tua Si
|-
| [[Qionghai]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|琼海市}} || Qiónghǎi Shì || Kheng Hai Si
|-
| [[Wenchang]] city || {{lang|zh|文昌市}} || Wénchāng Shì || Von Sio Si
|-
| [[Wanning]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|万宁市}} || Wànníng Shì || Van Neng Si
|-
| [[Dongfang, Hainan|Dongfang]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|东方市}} || Dōngfāng Shì || Dang Fang Si
|-
| [[Ding'an County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|定安县}} || Dìng'ān Xiàn || Deng An Kuai
|-
| [[Tunchang County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|屯昌县}} || Túnchāng Xiàn || Ton Siang Kuai
|-
| [[Chengmai County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|澄迈县}} || Chéngmài Xiàn || Deng Mai Kuai
|-
| [[Lingao County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|临高县}} || Língāo Xiàn || Liom Ko Kuai
|-
| [[Baisha Li Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|白沙黎族自治县}} || Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn || Be Tua Loitoc Seji Kuai
|-
| [[Changjiang Li Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|昌江黎族自治县}} || Chāngjiāng Lízú Zìzhìxiàn  || Siang Kiang Loitoc Seji Kuai
|-
| [[Ledong Li Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|乐东黎族自治县}} || Lèdōng Lízú Zìzhìxiàn || Loc Dong Loitoc Seji Kuai
|-
| [[Lingshui Li Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|陵水黎族自治县}} || Língshuǐ Lízú Zìzhìxiàn || Leng Tui Loitco Seji Kuai
|-
| [[Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|保亭黎族苗族自治县}} || Bǎotíng Lízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn || Bo Deng Loitoc Miautoc Seji Kuai
|-
| [[Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County]] || {{lang|zh-hans|琼中黎族苗族自治县}} || Qióngzhōng Lízú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn || Kheng Tong Loitoc Miautoc Seji Kuai
|}

====Urban areas====
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan=5 | Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
|-
! # !! Cities !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;"| 2020 Urban area<ref name="2020PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2022 |script-title=zh:中国2020年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9}}</ref> !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;"| 2010 Urban area<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6}}</ref> !! style="background-color: #ffaaaa;" | 2020 City proper
|-
|1||'''[[Haikou]]'''||2,349,239||1,517,410||2,873,358
|-
|2||[[Sanya]]|| 724,854||453,819||1,031,396
|-
|3||[[Danzhou]]||516,043||418,834{{efn|name=Danzhou|Danzhou CLC is currently known as Danzhou PLC after 2010 census.}} ||954,259
|-
|4||[[Wenchang]]||341,862||251,795||560,894
|-
|5||[[Qionghai]]||262,524||194,400||528,238
|-
|6||[[Dongfang, Hainan|Dongfang]]||257,936||153,726||444,458
|-
|7||[[Wanning]]||225,608||221,263||545,992
|-
|8||[[Wuzhishan City|Wuzhishan]]||67,645||53,268||112,269
|-
|9||[[Sansha]]||2,333||style="background:lightgrey;"|{{efn|name=Sansha|Xisha, Nansha, and Zhongsha Administrative Zone was under Sanya PLC jurisdiction. Sansha PLC was established after 2010 census.}}||2,333
|}

===Military base===
{{Main|People's Liberation Army Navy}}
Hainan Island is home to the [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] [[Hainan Submarine Base]] and strategic [[nuclear submarine]] [[Yulin Naval Base|naval harbor]] at [[Yalong Bay]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/china-builds-secret-nuclear-submarine-base-in-south-china-sea|title=China Builds Secret Nuclear Submarine Base in South China Sea|date=2 May 2008|publisher=[[FoxNews.com]]|access-date=3 May 2009|archive-date=24 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524084717/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,353961,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The naval base is estimated to be {{convert|60|ft|m}} high, built into hillsides around a military base. The caverns are capable of hiding up to 20 nuclear submarines from [[Reconnaissance satellite|spy satellite]]s. The harbor houses nuclear ballistic missile submarines and is large enough to accommodate [[aircraft carrier]]s. The [[U.S. Department of Defense]] has estimated that China will have five [[type 094 submarine]]s operational by 2010 with each capable of carrying 12 [[JL-2|JL-2 ballistic missiles]]. Two {{convert|950|m|ft|adj=on|sp=us}} piers and three smaller ones would be enough to accommodate two [[carrier strike group]]s or [[amphibious assault ship]]s.