Editing Greenland (section)

==Demographics==
{{For|statistics on demographics|Demographics of Greenland}}
{{See also|List of Greenlanders|Greenlandic Inuit|Danish people in Greenland}}

===Population===
[[File:Kulusuk, Inuit couple (6822265499).jpg|thumb|[[Tunumiit]] [[Inuit]] couple from [[Kulusuk]]]]
In 2021, Greenland had a population of 56,421.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenland in Figures 2021 |url=https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2021/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212409/https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2021/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202021.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-02 |url-status=live |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=Greenland in Figures 2021}}</ref> That year, 18,800 people resided in the capital city [[Nuuk]]. Nearly all Greenlanders live along the fjords in the south-west of the main island, which has a relatively mild climate, especially considering the high latitude upon which it lies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenland |url=http://www.stalvik.com/Engelska/laegreenland.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923001626/http://www.stalvik.com/Engelska/laegreenland.htm |archive-date=23 September 2010 |access-date=6 September 2010 |publisher=Stalvik.com}}</ref> Whereas the majority of the population lives north of 64°N in colder coastal climates, Greenland's warmest climates such as the vegetated area around [[Narsarsuaq]] are sparsely populated.

The majority of the population is [[Church of Denmark|Lutheran]]. The historically important [[Moravian Church|Moravian Brothers]] (''Herrnhuters'') were a congregation of faith, in a Danish context based in [[Christiansfeld]] in [[Southern Jutland|South Jutland]], and partially of German origin, but their name does not signify they were ethnic [[Moravians]] ([[Czechs]]).

In terms of ethnicity, the population is estimated to be of 89.5% [[Greenlanders|Greenlandic]], 7.5% [[Danish people in Greenland|Danish]], 1.1% other [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] and 1.9% other origins.<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/ |access-date=3 October 2020 |website=cia.gov |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109162939/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The multi-ethnic population of [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]]-[[Inuit]] represent people of [[Danish people in Greenland|Danish]], [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]] and to a lesser degree of [[Faroese people|Faroese]], [[Icelandic people|Icelandic]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] ([[Whaling in the Netherlands#17th century|whalers]]), [[German people|German]] and American descent.{{cn|date=March 2025}}

A 2015 wide genetic study of Greenlanders found modern-day Inuit in Greenland are direct descendants of the first Inuit pioneers of the [[Thule people|Thule culture]] who arrived in the 13th century, with approximately 25% admixture of the European colonizers from the 16th century. Despite previous speculations, no evidence of Viking settlers predecessors has been found.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moltke |first1=Ida |last2=Fumagalli |first2=Matteo |last3=Korneliussen |first3=Thorfinn |date=2015 |title=Uncovering the Genetic History of the Present-Day Greenlandic Population |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=54–69 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.012 |pmc=4289681 |pmid=25557782}}</ref>

{{Largest cities
| country      = Greenland
| stat_ref     = 2020 estimate<ref>{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/Greenland.html |title=Greenland |website=citypopulation.de |access-date=22 August 2021 |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830011206/http://citypopulation.de/Greenland.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| list_by_pop  =
| div_name     =
| div_link     = Administrative divisions of Greenland{{!}}Municipality

| city_1 = Nuuk| div_1 = Sermersooq | pop_1 = 18,326 | img_1 = Nuuk city below Sermitsiaq.JPG
| city_2 = Sisimiut | div_2 = Qeqqata | pop_2 = 5,582 | img_2 = Sisimiut-centrum.jpg
| city_3 = Ilulissat | div_3 = Avannaata | pop_3 = 4,670 | img_3 = Ilulissat-port.jpg
| city_4 = Aasiaat | div_4 = Qeqertalik | pop_4 = 3,069 | img_4 = Aasiaat 2016 06.jpg
| city_5 = Qaqortoq | div_5 = Kujalleq | pop_5 = 3,050
| city_6 = Maniitsoq | div_6 = Qeqqata | pop_6 = 2,534
| city_7 = Tasiilaq | div_7 = Sermersooq | pop_7 = 2,063
| city_8 = Uummannaq | div_8 = Avannaata | pop_8 = 1,407
| city_9 = Narsaq | div_9 = Kujalleq | pop_9 = 1,346
| city_10 = Paamiut | div_10 = Sermersooq | pop_10 = 1,308
| city_11 = Nanortalik | div_11 = Kujalleq | pop_11 = 1,185
| city_12 = Upernavik | div_12 = Avannaata | pop_12 = 1,092
| city_13 = Qasigiannguit | div_13 = Qeqertalik | pop_13 = 1,081
| city_14 = Qeqertarsuaq| div_14 = Qeqertalik | pop_14 = 839
| city_15 = Qaanaaq| div_15 = Avannaata | pop_15 = 646
| city_16 = Kangaatsiaq | div_16 = Qeqertalik | pop_16 = 520
| city_17 = Kangerlussuaq | div_17 = Qeqqata | pop_17 = 508
| city_18 = Kullorsuaq | div_18 = Avannaata | pop_18 = 453
| city_19 = Ittoqqortoormiit | div_19 = Sermersooq | pop_19 = 345
| city_20 = Kangaamiut | div_20 = Qeqqata | pop_20 = 293
}}

===Languages===
[[File:Parkverbot Grönland.jpg|thumb|A bilingual parking sign in Nuuk in Danish and Greenlandic]]
[[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] (effectively [[West Greenlandic]]), spoken by nearly 50,000 people, became the sole official language in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2008 |title=Danish doubts over Greenland vote |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7752660.stm |url-status=live |access-date=10 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207121546/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7752660.stm |archive-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> The majority of the population speak both [[Danish language|Danish]] and West Greenlandic Kalaallisut (the most populous [[Eskaleut language]]). They have been used in public affairs since the establishment of home rule in 1979. In practice, Danish is still widely used in administration, academia, and skilled trades and other professions. The orthography of Greenlandic, established in 1851,<ref>Kleinschmidt, Samuel 1968 (1851): Grammatik der grønlændischen Sprache : mit teilweisem Einschluss des Labradordialekts. Hildesheim : Olms, 1968.</ref> was [[Kalaallisut orthography|revised]] in 1973. The [[Literacy|literacy rate]] was 100% in 2007.<ref name="cia-factbook" />

About 12% of the population speak Danish as their primary language. These are primarily Danish immigrants, many of whom speak Danish as their first and sometimes only language. Monolingual Danish speakers are concentrated in Nuuk and other larger towns. A debate about the roles of Greenlandic and Danish in the country's future is ongoing. While Greenlandic was dominant in all smaller settlements, most of the multi-ethnic Inuit ancestors spoke Danish as a second language. In larger towns, especially Nuuk, Danish was more important for social matters. English is growing in importance, and is now taught from the first school year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travelling in Greenland |url=http://eu.nanoq.gl/Emner/About%20Greenland/Travelling%20in%20Greenland.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516025948/http://eu.nanoq.gl/Emner/About%20Greenland/Travelling%20in%20Greenland.aspx |archive-date=16 May 2014 |publisher=Greenland Representation to the EU, Greenland Home Rule Government}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=February 2025}}

West Greenland has long been the most populous area of the island, and this has contributed to its variety of Greenlandic, Kalaallisut, becoming the de&nbsp;facto official language of Greenland. Around 3,000 people speak [[Tunumiit dialect|East Greenlandic]] (Tunumiisut) and nearly 1,000 around northern [[Qaanaaq]] speak [[Inuktun]]. North Greenlandic is closer to the Inuit languages of Canada than it is to other Greenlandic.<ref>Mennecier, Philippe (1978). ''Le tunumiisut, dialecte inuit du Groenland oriental: description et analyse'', Collection linguistique, 78, Societé de linguistique de Paris.</ref> Each of these varieties is nearly unintelligible to the speakers of the others and some linguists consider Tunumiisut to be a separate language altogether.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111222724/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |url-status=live}}</ref> A [[UNESCO]] report labelled the other varieties as [[Endangered language|endangered]], and measures are now considered to protect the East Greenlandic dialect.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2010 |title=Sermersooq will secure Eastern Greenlandic |url=http://www.knr.gl/index.php?id=6700&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=51930&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=6702&cHash=b321fb7a1d |url-status=live |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516235314/http://www.knr.gl/index.php?id=6700&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=51930&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=6702&cHash=b321fb7a1d |archive-date=16 May 2016 |access-date=19 May 2010 |publisher=[[Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa]] |language=da}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Greenland}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Greenland (2010):<ref name="ARDA">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2009 |title=Greenland, Religion and Social Profile &#124; National Profiles &#124; International Data |url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_94_1.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924211510/http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_94_1.asp |archive-date=24 September 2017 |access-date=18 June 2016 |website=Thearda.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2011 |title=Table: Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country &#124; Pew Research Center |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511124911/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country/ |archive-date=11 May 2017 |access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Protestantism]]
|value1 = 95.5
|color1 = DodgerBlue
|label2 = [[Roman Catholicism]]
|value2 = 0.2
|color2 = DarkOrchid
|label3 = Other [[Christianity|Christian]]
|value3 = 0.4
|color3 = Turquoise
|label4 = [[Inuit spiritual beliefs]]
|value4 = 0.8
|color4 = Red
|label5 = [[Agnostic]]
|value5 = 2.3
|color5 = Honeydew
|label6 = [[Atheist]]
|value6 = 0.2
|color6 = Grey
|label7 = Other religion
|value7 = 0.6
|color7 = Yellow
}}
[[File:Brattachurch.jpg|left|thumb|21st-century reproduction of Thjodhild's church, with [[Tunulliarfik Fjord|Eriksfjord]] in the background, thought to be the [[Catholic Church in Greenland|first church and chapel]] in North America]]
The nomadic [[Inuit]] were traditionally [[Shamanism|shamanistic]], with a well-developed [[Inuit religion|religion]] primarily concerned with appeasing a vengeful and [[Sedna (mythology)|fingerless sea goddess]] called Sedna who controlled the success of the [[seal hunting|seal]] and [[whaling|whale hunts]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169 |title=Taboo, Personal and Collective Representations: Origin and Positioning Within Cultural Complexes |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-351-03988-8 |access-date=18 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920174357/https://books.google.com/books?id=gpCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The first [[Norse colonization of Greenland|Norse colonists]] worshipped the [[Norse religion|Norse gods]], but [[Erik the Red]]'s son [[Leif Ericson|Leif]] was converted to Christianity by [[List of Norwegian monarchs|King]] [[Olaf Trygvesson]] on a trip to Norway in 999 and sent missionaries back to Greenland. These swiftly established sixteen parishes, some monasteries, and a bishopric at [[Garðar, Greenland|Garðar]].

Rediscovering these colonists and spreading ideas of the [[Danish Reformation|Protestant Reformation]] among them was one of the primary reasons for the [[Danish colonization of the Americas|Danish recolonization]] in the 18th century. Under the patronage of the [[Royal Mission College]] in Copenhagen, Norwegian and Danish [[Church of Denmark|Lutherans]] and German [[Moravian missions in Greenland|Moravian missionaries]] searched for the missing Norse settlements, but no Norse were found, and instead they began preaching to the Inuit. The principal figures in the [[Christianization]] of Greenland were [[Hans Egede|Hans]] and [[Poul Egede]] and [[Matthias Stach]]. The [[New Testament]] was translated piecemeal from the time of the first settlement on Kangeq Island, but the first translation of the whole Bible was not completed until 1900. An improved translation using the [[Kalaallisut orthography|modern orthography]] was completed in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sørensen |first=Leif Kiil |date=29 November 2000 |title=Grønlandsk bibel præsenteret &#124; Kristeligt Dagblad |url=http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/225350:Kirke---tro--Groenlandsk-bibel-praesenteret |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084103/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/225350:Kirke---tro--Groenlandsk-bibel-praesenteret |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=6 September 2010 |publisher=Kristeligt-dagblad.dk}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=January 2022}}

The major religion is [[Protestant]] [[Christianity]], represented mainly by the [[Church of Denmark]], which is [[Lutheran]] in orientation. There are no official census data on religion in Greenland, but the [[Bishop of Greenland]] [[Sofie Petersen]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Bells ring a wake-up call for climate justice |url=https://www.oikoumene.org/news/news-management/eng/a/article/1634/bells-ring-a-wake-up-call.html |access-date=30 August 2010 |work=[[World Council of Churches]] |date=14 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325215706/http://www.oikoumene.org/news/news-management/eng/a/article/1634/bells-ring-a-wake-up-call.html |archive-date=25 March 2012}}</ref> estimates that 85% of the Greenlandic population are members of her congregation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grønland, Grundloven og Gejstligheden |url=http://www.groenlandsstift.dk/fileadmin/filer/Biskoppen/Groenland_GRUNDLOVEN_og_GEJSTLIGHEDEN_1005_2009_laast_til_ado.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231654/https://www.groenlandsstift.dk/fileadmin/filer/Biskoppen/Groenland_GRUNDLOVEN_og_GEJSTLIGHEDEN_1005_2009_laast_til_ado.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2012 |access-date=30 April 2012}}</ref> The Church of Denmark is the [[State religion|established church]] through the [[Constitution of Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of Denmark – Section IV |url=http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301205429/http://www.parliament.am/library/sahmanadrutyunner/dania.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016 |quote=The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State.}}</ref>

A small [[Roman Catholic]] minority is pastorally served by the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Copenhagen]]. There are still Christian missionaries on the island, but mainly from [[Charismatic Christianity|charismatic movements]] [[Proselytism|proselytising]] fellow Christians.<ref name="jazbablog">{{Cite news |date=8 August 2011 |title=The only Muslim in Greenland who fasts for 21 hours |work=The Jazba Blog |url=http://jazbablog.com/2011/08/08/the-only-muslim-in-greenland-who-fasts-for-21-hours/ |access-date=26 January 2020 |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801063031/http://jazbablog.com/2011/08/08/the-only-muslim-in-greenland-who-fasts-for-21-hours/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Education===
Education is organized in a similar way to Denmark. Students have ten years of mandatory [[primary school]]. This is followed by secondary education, focused on either work training or preparation for university education. There is one institution of higher learning, the [[University of Greenland]] ({{langx|kl|Ilisimatusarfik}}) in Nuuk. Many [[Demographics of Greenland|Greenlanders]] attend universities in Denmark or elsewhere.

The public school system in Greenland is, as in Denmark, under the jurisdiction of the municipalities. The legislature specifies the standards allowed for the content in schools, but the municipal governments decide how the schools under their responsibility are run. [[Education]] is free and [[Compulsory education|compulsory]] for children aged seven to 16. The financial outlay devoted to education is 11.3% of GDP. Section 1 of the Government Ordinance on Public Schools (amended in 1997) requires Greenlandic as the language of instruction.

Education is governed by a regulation adopted in 1990 and amended in 1993 and 1994. Under this legislation, linguistic integration in primary and lower secondary schools became compulsory for all [[student]]s. The aim is to place Greenlandic-speaking and Danish-speaking pupils in the same classes, whereas previously they were placed in separate classes according to their mother tongue. At the same time, the government guarantees that Danish speakers can learn Greenlandic. In this way, the Greenlandic government wants to give the same linguistic, cultural and social education to all students, both those of Greenlandic and Danish origin. A study, which was carried out during a three-year trial period, concluded that this [[bilingualism|bilingual]] had achieved positive results.

[[File:Ilimmarfik.jpg|thumb|The ''Ilimmarfik'' ([[University of Greenland]]) campus is in [[Nuuk]].]]
About 100 schools exist, in which both Greenlandic and Danish are used. Generally, Greenlandic is taught from kindergarten to the end of secondary school, but Danish is compulsory from the first cycle of primary school as a second language. As in Denmark with Danish, the school system provides for "Greenlandic 1" and "Greenlandic 2" courses. Language tests allow students to move from one level to the other. Based on the teachers' evaluation of their students, a third level of courses has been added: "Greenlandic 3". Secondary education in Greenland is generally vocational and technical. The system is governed by Regulation No. 16 of 28 October 1993 on Vocational and [[Technical Education]], Scholarships and Career Guidance. [[Danish language|Danish]] remains the main language of instruction. The capital, Nuuk, has a (bilingual) teacher training college and a (bilingual) university. At the end of their studies, all students must pass a test in the Greenlandic language.

Higher education is offered in Greenland: university education, training of journalists, training of primary and lower secondary school teachers, training of social workers, training of social educators and training of nurses and nursing assistants. Greenlandic students can continue their education in Denmark, if they wish and have the financial means to do so. For admission to Danish educational institutions, Greenlandic applicants are placed on an equal footing with Danish applicants. [[Scholarship]]s are granted to Greenlandic students who are admitted to Danish educational institutions. To be eligible for these scholarships, the applicant must be a [[Danish nationality law|Danish citizen]] and have had permanent residence in Greenland for at least five years. The total period of residence outside Greenland may not exceed three years.

===Social issues===
The rate of [[suicide in Greenland]] is very high. According to a 2010 census, Greenland holds [[List of countries by suicide rate|the highest suicide rate in the world]].<ref name="The Suicide Capital of the World">{{Cite journal |date=9 October 2009 |title=The Suicide Capital of the World |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/dispatches/2009/10/the_suicide_capital_of_the_world.single.html#pagebreak_anchor_2 |url-status=live |journal=Slate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304003350/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/dispatches/2009/10/the_suicide_capital_of_the_world.single.html#pagebreak_anchor_2 |archive-date=4 March 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="Rising suicide rate baffles Greenland">{{Cite web |title=Rising suicide rate baffles Greenland |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/europe/rising-suicide-rate-baffles-greenland |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323061827/http://blogs.aljazeera.com/blog/europe/rising-suicide-rate-baffles-greenland |archive-date=23 March 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013}}</ref> 

Another significant social issue faced by Greenland is a high rate of alcoholism.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18249474 "Greenland profile – Overview"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918032735/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18249474 |date=18 September 2018 }}. ''BBC News''.</ref> The rate of alcohol consumption in Greenland peaked in the 1980s, when it was twice as high as in Denmark; by 2010 it had fallen slightly below that of Denmark. Alcohol prices are far higher in Greenland than in Denmark, meaning that consumption has a large social impact.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aage |first=H. |year=2012 |title=Alcohol in Greenland 1951–2010: consumption, mortality, prices |journal=International Journal of Circumpolar Health |volume=71 |page=18444 |doi=10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18444 |pmc=3525923 |pmid=23256091}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Madsen |first1=M. H. |last2=Grønbæk |first2=M. |last3=Bjerregaard |first3=P. |last4=Becker |first4=U. |year=2005 |title=Urbanization, migration and alcohol use in a population of Greenland Inuit |journal=International Journal of Circumpolar Health |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=234–45 |doi=10.3402/ijch.v64i3.17987 |pmid=16050317 |doi-access=free}}</ref> 

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS has been high in Greenland, reaching a peak in the 1990s when the number of AIDS-related deaths was also relatively high. Through a number of initiatives, the prevalence (along with the death rate, through efficient treatment) has fallen and is now low, about 0.13% in the 2010s,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bjorn-Mortensen |first1=K. |last2=Ladefoged |first2=K |last3=Obel |first3=N. |last4=Helleberg |first4=M. |year=2013 |title=The HIV epidemic in Greenland – a slow spreading infection among adult heterosexual Greenlanders |journal=Int J Circumpolar Health |volume=7232 |page=19558 |doi=10.3402/ijch.v72i0.19558 |pmc=3577920 |pmid=23431117}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2019 |title=Nye tilfælde af HIV blandt unge |url=https://naalakkersuisut.gl/da/Naalakkersuisut/Nyheder/2018/11/1311_nye_tilfaelde_hiv |access-date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Naalakkersuisut]] |archive-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004132/https://naalakkersuisut.gl/da/Naalakkersuisut/Nyheder/2018/11/1311_nye_tilfaelde_hiv |url-status=dead}}</ref> below that of [[List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate|most other countries]].

In recent decades, Greenland’s rate of unemployment has generally been somewhat above that of Denmark;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arbejde |url=https://europas-lande.dk/dan/Lande/Gr%C3%B8nland/Erhverv%20og%20%C3%B8konomi/Arbejde/Sv%C3%A6r/ |access-date=22 November 2019 |publisher=europas-lande.dk |archive-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004450/https://europas-lande.dk/dan/Lande/Gr%25C3%25B8nland/Erhverv%2520og%2520%25C3%25B8konomi/Arbejde/Sv%25C3%25A6r/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> in 2017, the rate was 6.8% in Greenland,<ref>{{Cite web |year=2017 |title=Unemployment rate |url=http://bank.stat.gl/pxweb/en/Greenland/Greenland__AR__AR40/ARXLED7.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=ARXLED222-11-2019%2020:30:33 |access-date=22 November 2019 |publisher=Statistics Greenland}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> compared to 5.6% in Denmark.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Euro area unemployment at 8.7%, December 2017 |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8631691/3-31012018-BP-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201506/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8631691/3-31012018-BP-EN.pdf |archive-date=2018-02-12 |url-status=live |access-date=22 November 2019 |publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref>

====Compulsory contraception of Inuit women====
{{main|Spiral case}}
In the 1960s and 1970s, at a time when the population was increasing, 4,500 Greenland Inuit women and girls (roughly half of all fertile females) were fitted with [[intrauterine device]]s (IUDs) by Danish doctors. Sometimes girls (as young as 12) were taken directly from school to have these devices inserted, without their parents' permission. The procedure was also carried out on some Inuit girls at boarding schools in Denmark. On 30 September 2022, the Danish Health Minister, [[Magnus Heunicke]], announced a two-year investigation into the decisions leading to the practice and its implementation.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63049387 |title=Inuit Greenlanders demand answers over Danish birth control scandal |work=BBC News |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001140536/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63049387 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greenlandic doctors also carried out the same illegal procedures on several Inuit women after Greenland took control of its health care system in 1991.<ref>{{cite news |title=Grønland har ansvar for 15 spiralsager |url=https://www.sermitsiaq.ag/samfund/gronland-har-ansvar-for-15-spiralsager/1292890 |access-date=20 October 2024 |publisher=Sermitsiaq}}</ref>

====LGBTQ rights====
{{main|LGBTQ rights in Greenland}}

[[LGBTQ rights in Greenland]] are some of the most extensive in the Americas and the world, relatively similar to those in Denmark proper in Europe. Transgender people in Greenland may change the gender designation on their official identity documents. A law passed in 2016 by decree allows legal gender changes based on self-determination.<ref name="Royal assent KL">{{cite web |url=https://www.stm.dk/multimedia/A_449_23.5._for_Gr_nland_af_lov_om__ndring_af_lov_om_Det_Centrale_Personregister.pdf |title=§2, Imm. 3, Qitiusumik Inunnik Nalunaarsuiffik pillugu inatsisip (CPR pillugu inatsit) allanngortinneqarneranik inatsisit Kalaallit Nunaannut atuutilersinneqarnerannik peqqussut (Greenlandic) |access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref><ref name="Royal assent DA">{{cite web |url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2016/449/Pdf |title=§2, Stk 3., Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af love om ændring af lov om Det Centrale Personregister (Danish) |access-date=2020-09-01}}</ref> Since 2010, Greenland has had laws prohibiting [[hate speech]] against LGBTQ+ persons. Greenland’s parliament passed a Law on Equal Treatment and Anti-Discrimination in May 2024, taking effect on 1 July 2024. The law prohibits all discrimination on the basis of “sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, [and] gender characteristics”, among other characteristics. The law also creates an Equal Treatment Board to manage discrimination complaints and an Equality Council to promote non-discrimination.<ref name=ilgagr>{{Cite web |title=Greenland (Denmark) |url=https://database.ilga.org/greenland-denmark-lgbti#:~:text=The%20law%20prohibits%20all%20forms,and%20services%20to%20the%20public. |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=database.ilga.org}}</ref>