Editing Gothic architecture (section)

==East end==
Cathedrals and churches were traditionally constructed with the altar at the east end, so that the priest and congregation faced the rising sun during the morning [[liturgy]]. The sun was considered the symbol of Christ and the [[Second Coming]], a major theme in Cathedral sculpture.<ref>However, due to awkward sites in city centres, the traditional "east end" often faces in a different direction.{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=1353|title=Facing East|publisher=Catholic Culture|date=October 1999|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728130450/https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=1353|url-status=live}}</ref> The portion of the church east of altar is the choir, reserved for members of the clergy. There is usually a single or double ambulatory, or aisle, around the choir and east end, so parishioners and pilgrims could walk freely easily around east end.{{Sfn|Wenzler|2018|p=21}}

In Romanesque churches, the east end was very dark, due to the thick walls and small windows. In the ambulatory of the [[Basilica of Saint Denis]], Abbot Suger first used the novel combination rib vaults and buttresses to replace the thick walls and replace them with stained glass, opening up that portion of the church to what he considered "divine light".{{Sfn|Watkin|1986|p=127}}

In French Gothic churches, the east end, or [[chevet]], often had an apse, a semi-circular projection with a vaulted or domed roof.<ref>Merriam-Webster dictionary, definition of apse</ref> The chevet of large cathedrals frequently had a ring of radiating chapels, placed between the buttresses to get maximum light. There are three such chapels at Chartres Cathedral, seven at Notre Dame de Paris, Amiens Cathedral, Prague Cathedral and Cologne Cathedral, and nine at [[Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua]] in Italy. In England, the east end is more often rectangular, and gives access to a separate and large [[Lady Chapel]], dedicated to the [[Virgin Mary]]. Lady Chapels were also common in Italy.{{Sfn|Wenzler|2018|p=21}}

<gallery widths="200" heights="150">
File:Amiens Cathédrale Notre-Dame Chor 04.jpg|High Gothic Chevet of [[Amiens Cathedral]], with chapels between the buttresses (13th century)
File:Panorama of the interior of the Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris-LR1 (22457676932).jpg|Ambulatory and Chapels of the chevet of [[Notre Dame de Paris]] (14th century)
File:Henry7Chapel 09.jpg|The [[Henry VII Lady Chapel]] at [[Westminster Abbey]] (begun 1503)
File:Ely cathedral east end.jpg|[[Ely Cathedral]] – square east end: Early English chancel (left) and Decorated Lady Chapel (right)
File:Ely Cathedral Lady Chapel, Cambridgeshire, UK - Diliff.jpg|Interior of the Ely Cathedral Lady Chapel (14th century)
</gallery>