Editing Geography of Russia (section)

===Climate===
{{main|Climate of Russia}}
[[File:Russia Köppen.svg|thumb|upright=1.38|[[Köppen climate classification]] of Russia.<ref name="climate1">{{cite journal|last1=Beck|first1=Hylke E.|last2=Zimmermann|first2=Niklaus E.|last3=McVicar|first3=Tim R.|last4=Vergopolan|first4=Noemi|last5=Berg|first5=Alexis|author6-link=Eric Franklin Wood|last6=Wood|first6=Eric F.|title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution|publisher=[[United States National Library of Medicine]]|journal=Scientific Data|date=30 October 2018|volume=5|page=180214|doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214|pmid=30375988|pmc=6207062|issn=2052-4463|bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B}}</ref>]]
The sheer size of Russia and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the dominance of the [[humid continental climate]], which is prevalent in all parts of the country except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. Mountains in the south and east obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and Pacific oceans, while the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences.
Most of [[Northwest Russia]] and Siberia has a [[subarctic climate]], with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly [[Sakha Republic|Sakha]], where the Northern [[Pole of Cold]] is located with the record low temperature of {{convert|-71.2|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/countries/russia/|title=Russia|work=[[The Arctic Institute – Center for Circumpolar Security Studies]]|access-date=27 June 2021}}</ref> and more moderate winters elsewhere. Russia's vast stretch of land along the Arctic Ocean and the [[Russian Arctic islands]] have a [[polar climate]].<ref name="Climate">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/russia/24.htm|title=Climate|editor=Glenn E. Curtis |year=1998|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=Federal Research Division of the [[Library of Congress]]|access-date=10 July 2021}}</ref>

The coastal part of [[Krasnodar Krai]] on the Black Sea, most notably [[Sochi]], and some coastal and interior strips of the [[North Caucasus]] possess a [[humid subtropical climate]] with mild and wet winters. In many regions of East Siberia and the Russian Far East, winter is dry compared to summer; while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation across seasons. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. The westernmost parts of Kaliningrad Oblast on the [[Vistula Spit]], and some parts in the south of Krasnodar Krai and the North Caucasus have an [[oceanic climate]]. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Sea coast, as well as some southernmost silvers of Siberia, possess a [[semi-arid climate]] and an [[arid climate]].<ref name="climate1"/>

Throughout much of the territory, there are only two distinct seasons—winter and summer—as spring and autumn are usually brief periods of change between extremely low and extremely high temperatures.<ref name="Climate"/> The coldest month is January (February on the coastline); the warmest is usually July. Great ranges of temperature are typical. In winter, temperatures get colder both from south to north and from west to east. Summers can be quite hot, even in Siberia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Drozdov|first1=V. A.|title=Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of the Coastal Zone of the Black Sea|journal=GeoJournal|year=1992|doi=10.1007/BF00717701|volume=27|page=169|issue=2|last2=Glezer|first2=O. B.|last3=Nefedova|first3=T. G.|last4=Shabdurasulov|first4=I. V.|bibcode=1992GeoJo..27..169D |s2cid=128960702}}</ref>