Editing French Resistance (section)

====Spanish maquis====
{{Main|Spanish Maquis}}
Following their defeat in the [[Spanish Civil War]] in early 1939, about half a million Spanish Republicans fled to France to escape imprisonment or execution.{{Sfn|Jackson|2003|p=105}} On the north side of the [[Pyrenees]], such refugees were confined in [[concentration camps in France|internment camps]] such as [[Camp Gurs]] and [[Camp Vernet]].{{Sfn|Weitz|1995|p=29}}{{Sfn|Jackson|2003|p=105}} Although over half of these had been repatriated to Spain (or elsewhere) by the time Pétain proclaimed the Vichy régime in 1940,{{Sfn|Crowdy|2007|p=13}} the 120,000 to 150,000 who remained{{Sfn|Jackson|2003|p=495}} became political prisoners, and the foreign equivalent to the ''Service du Travail Obligatoire'', the ''Compagnies de Travailleurs Étrangers'' (Companies of Foreign Workers) or CTE, began to pursue them for slave labor.{{Sfn|Zuccotti|1999|p=76}} The CTE was initially seen as a welcome break from the monotony of the camps by many. Lluís Montagut, a member of the C.T.E, described how "we (the Spanish Republican internees) held so much desire to not to see the camps that we accepted (the positions offered by the C.T.E) without the slightest objection...we went out of the way to lose the shameful tag of undesirables".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dreyfus-Armand |first=Geneviève |title=L'Exil des Républicains Espagnols en France |publisher=Albin Michel |year=1999 |location=Paris |page=107 |language=fr}}</ref>

The CTE permitted prisoners to leave the internment camps if they agreed to work in German factories,{{Sfn|Weitz|1995|p=242}} but as many as 60,000 Republicans recruited for the labor service managed to escape and join the French Resistance.{{Sfn|Crowdy|2007|p=13}} Thousands of suspected anti-fascist Republicans were deported to German concentration camps instead, however.{{Sfn|Bowen|2000|p=140}} Most were sent to [[Mauthausen concentration camp|Mauthausen]] where, of the 10,000 Spaniards registered, only 2,000 survived the war.{{Sfn|Bowen|2006|p=237}}

Many Spanish escapees joined French Resistance groups; others formed their own autonomous groups which became known as the Spanish maquis. In April 1942, Spanish communists formed an organisation called the XIV Corps, an armed guerrilla movement of about 3,400 combatants by June 1944.{{Sfn|Jackson|2003|p=495}} Although the group first worked closely with the [[Francs-Tireurs et Partisans]] (FTP), it re-formed as the ''Agrupación de Guerrilleros Españoles'' (Spanish Guerrilla Group, AGE) in May 1944.{{Sfn|Beevor|2006|p=420}} The name change was intended to convey the group's composition: Spanish soldiers ultimately advocating the fall of General [[Francisco Franco]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2003|p=495}} After the German Army had been driven from France, the Spanish maquis refocused on Spain.