Editing Federation (section)

===Defunct===
*{{Flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Holy Roman Empire]] (800–1806)<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Whaley
| first1 = Joachim
| author-link1 = Joachim Whaley
| year = 2002
| chapter = 2: Federal Habits: the Holy Roman Empire and the continuity of German Federalism
| editor1-last = Umbach
| editor1-first = Maiken
| title = German Federalism: Past, Present and Future
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YmuLDAAAQBAJ
| series = New Perspectives in German Political Studies
| location = Basingstoke
| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
| publication-date = 2002
| page = 15
| isbn = 9780230505797
| access-date = 2017-11-19
| quote = Few would query the proposition that German federalism has deep historical roots. Indeed discussion of its contemporary manestation in the Federal Republic routinely refer to the federal traditions of the Holy Roman Empire -...].
}}
</ref>
*{{Flagicon image|Banner of the Inca Empire.svg}} [[Inca Empire]] (1197–1572)
*{{Flagicon image|Barter of Panay Landmark.jpg}} [[Confederation of Madja-as]] (1200–1569)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Iroquois Confederacy.svg}} [[Iroquois|Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederation)]] (15th/16th century-1799)
*{{Flagicon|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (1569–1795)
*{{Flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[Federated Dutch Republic]] (1581–1795)
*{{Flagicon image|Green harp flag of Ireland 17th century.svg}} [[Confederate Ireland]] (1642–1652)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg}} [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves]] (1815–1825)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (civil).svg}} [[Unification of Hispaniola|Hispaniola]] (1822–1844)
*{{Flagicon|Central America}} [[United Provinces of Central America]] (1823&nbsp;– {{Circa|1838}})
*{{Flagicon|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} [[Peru–Bolivian Confederation]] (1836–1839)
*{{Flagicon|Granadine Confederation}} [[Neogranadine Confederation|Confederation of New Granada]] (1858–1863)
*{{Flagicon|Confederate States of America}} [[Confederate States of America]] (1861–1865)
*{{Flagicon|Colombia}} [[United States of Colombia]] (1863–1886)
*{{Flagicon|North German Confederation}} [[North German Confederation]] (1867–1871)
*{{Flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} [[Austria-Hungary]] (1867–1918)
*{{Flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg}} [[First Spanish Republic|Federal Republic of Spain]] (1873–1874)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[French Indochina]] (1887–1954)
*{{Flagicon|Federated Malay States}} [[Federated Malay States]] (1896–1946)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[French West Africa]] (1904–1958)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} [[French Equatorial Africa]] (1910–1934)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg}} [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] (1918)
*{{flag|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics}} (1918–1992)
*{{Flagicon|Weimar Republic}} [[Weimar Republic]] (1919–1933)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Syria French mandate.svg}} [[Syrian Federation]] (1922–1925)
*{{Flagicon|Federal State of Austria}} [[Federal State of Austria]] (1934–1938)
*{{Flagicon|Mengjiang}} [[Mengjiang|Mengjiang Autonomous United Government]] (1937–1945, since 1941 autonomous region of the [[Reorganized National Government of China]])
*{{Flagicon|Federated Malay States}} [[Malayan Union]] (1946–1948)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Malaya.svg}} [[Federation of Malaya]] (1948–1963)<ref>Gained independence in 1957, joined with [[Sabah]], [[Sarawak]], and Singapore to form [[Malaysia]] in 1963.</ref>
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Indonesia.svg}} [[United States of Indonesia]] (1949–1950)
*{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Libya}} [[United Kingdom of Libya]] (1951–1963)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg}} [[Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea]] (1952–1962)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963).svg}} [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]] (1953–1963)
*{{Flagicon|West Indies Federation}} [[West Indies Federation]] (1958–1962)
*{{Flagicon|Mali Federation}} [[Mali Federation]] (1959–1960)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Congo-Léopoldville (1960-1963).svg}} [[Congo-Léopoldville|Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)]] (1960–1964)
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg}} [[Cameroon|Federal Republic of Cameroon]] (1961–1972)
*{{Flagicon|South Africa|variant=1928}} [[South Africa|Republic of South Africa]] (1961–1994)
*{{Flagicon|Uganda}} [[Uganda|Republic of Uganda]] (1962–1967)
*{{Flagicon|Kenya}} [[Republic of Kenya]] (1963–1964)
*{{Flagicon|Tanzania}} [[United Republic of Tanzania]] (1964–1965)
*{{Flagicon|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}} [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]<ref>Became [[Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]] through a constitutional change in 1990.</ref> (1969–1992)
*{{Flagicon|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} [[Serbia and Montenegro|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (1992–2003)
*{{flagicon|Comoros}} [[Comoros]] (2001–2018)<ref name="auto"/><ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/354101559590231457/pdf/Comoros-Towards-a-More-United-and-Prosperous-Union-of-Comoros-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic.pdf TOWARDS A MORE UNITED & PROSPEROUS UNION OF COMOROS (Page 31)]{{deadlink|date=April 2025}}</ref>

Some of the [[Confederation#Historical confederations|proclaimed Arab federations]] were confederations ''de facto''.