Editing Existentialism (section)

==== Film and television ====
[[File:Paths of Glory trailer 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Adolphe Menjou]] (''left'') and [[Kirk Douglas]] (''right'') in ''[[Paths of Glory]]'' (1957)]]
[[Stanley Kubrick]]'s 1957 [[anti-war film]] ''[[Paths of Glory]]'' "illustrates, and even illuminates...existentialism" by examining the "necessary absurdity of the [[human condition]]" and the "horror of war".<ref name=Holt2007>Holt, Jason. "Existential Ethics: Where do the Paths of Glory Lead?". In ''The Philosophy of Stanley Kubrick''. By Jerold J. Abrams. Published 2007. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2445-X</ref> The film tells the story of a fictional World War I French army regiment ordered to attack an impregnable German stronghold; when the attack fails, three soldiers are chosen at random, court-martialed by a "[[kangaroo court]]", and executed by firing squad. The film examines existentialist ethics, such as the issue of whether [[objectivity (philosophy)|objectivity]] is possible and the "problem of [[Authenticity (philosophy)|authenticity]]".<ref name=Holt2007/> [[Orson Welles]]'s 1962 film ''[[The Trial (1962 film)|The Trial]]'', based upon Franz Kafka's book of the same name (''Der Prozeß''), is characteristic of both existentialist and absurdist themes in its depiction of a man (Joseph K.) arrested for a crime for which the charges are neither revealed to him nor to the reader.

''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'' is a Japanese [[science fiction]] animation series created by the [[anime]] studio [[Gainax]] and was both directed and written by [[Hideaki Anno]]. Existential themes of individuality, consciousness, freedom, choice, and responsibility are heavily relied upon throughout the entire series, particularly through the philosophies of [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] and [[Søren Kierkegaard]]. Episode 16's title, {{Nihongo|"The Sickness Unto Death, And..."|死に至る病、そして|Shi ni itaru yamai, soshite}} is a reference to Kierkegaard's book, ''[[The Sickness Unto Death]]''.

Some contemporary films dealing with existentialist issues include [[Melancholia (2011 film)|''Melancholia'']], ''[[Fight Club]]'', ''[[I Heart Huckabees]]'', ''[[Waking Life]]'', ''[[The Matrix]]'', ''[[Ordinary People]]'', ''[[Life in a Day (2011 film)|Life in a Day]]'', ''[[Barbie (film)|Barbie]]'', and ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.existential-therapy.com/Arts/Movies.htm |title=Existential & Psychological Movie Recommendations |publisher=Existential-therapy.com |access-date=2010-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107010239/http://www.existential-therapy.com/Arts/Movies.htm |archive-date=2010-01-07 }}</ref> Likewise, films throughout the 20th century such as ''[[The Seventh Seal]]'', ''[[Ikiru]]'', ''[[Taxi Driver]]'', the [[Toy Story (franchise)|''Toy Story'' films]], ''[[Pokémon: The First Movie]]'', ''[[The Great Silence]]'', ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'', ''[[Harold and Maude]]'', ''[[High Noon]]'', ''[[Easy Rider]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'', ''[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]'', ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'', ''[[Badlands (film)|Badlands]]'', and ''[[Blade Runner]]'' also have existentialist qualities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/BEAUCHEMI/ |title=Existentialism in Film |publisher=Uhaweb.hartford.edu |access-date=2010-03-08 |archive-date=2010-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113012444/http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/BEAUCHEMI/ }}</ref>
 
Notable directors known for their existentialist films include [[Ingmar Bergman]], [[Bela Tarr]], [[Robert Bresson]], [[Jean-Pierre Melville]], [[François Truffaut]], [[Jean-Luc Godard]], [[Michelangelo Antonioni]], [[Akira Kurosawa]], [[Terrence Malick]], [[Stanley Kubrick]], [[Andrei Tarkovsky]], [[Éric Rohmer]], [[Wes Anderson]], [[Woody Allen]], and [[Christopher Nolan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2005winter/existential.html |title=Existentialist Adaptations – Harvard Film Archive |publisher=Hcl.harvard.edu |access-date=2010-03-08 |archive-date=2011-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127085429/http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2005winter/existential.html }}</ref> [[Charlie Kaufman]]'s ''[[Synecdoche, New York]]'' focuses on the protagonist's desire to find existential meaning.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-synecdoche24-2008oct24,0,5252277.story|title=Review: 'Synecdoche, New York'|access-date=2008-11-17 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Carina | last=Chocano | date=2008-10-24}}</ref> Similarly, in Kurosawa's ''[[Red Beard]]'', the protagonist's experiences as an intern in a rural health clinic in Japan lead him to an [[existential crisis]] whereby he questions his reason for being. This, in turn, leads him to a better understanding of humanity. The French film, ''[[Mood Indigo (film)|Mood Indigo]]'' (directed by [[Michel Gondry]]) embraced various elements of existentialism.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The film ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', released in 1994, depicts life in a prison in [[Maine]], United States to explore several existentialist concepts.<ref>For an examination of the existentialist elements within the film, see [[Philosophy Now]], issue 102, accessible [http://philosophynow.org/issues/102/The_Shawshank_Redemption here (link)], accessed 3 June 2014.</ref>