Editing Esophagus (section)

===Invertebrates===
A structure with the same name is often found in invertebrates, including [[mollusc]]s and [[arthropod]]s, connecting the oral cavity with the stomach.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hartenstein|first=Volker|title=Development of the insect stomatogastric nervous system|journal=Trends in Neurosciences|date=September 1997|volume=20|issue=9|pages=421–427|doi=10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01066-7|pmid=9292972|s2cid=22477083}}</ref> In terms of the [[Digestive system of gastropods|digestive system of snails and slugs]], the mouth opens into an esophagus, which connects to the stomach. Because of [[Torsion (gastropod)|torsion]], which is the rotation of the main body of the animal during larval development, the esophagus usually passes around the stomach, and opens into its back, furthest from the mouth. In species that have undergone de-torsion, however, the esophagus may open into the anterior of the stomach, which is the reverse of the usual gastropod arrangement.<ref name="Barnes1982">{{cite book|author= Barnes, Robert D.|year=1982|title= Invertebrate Zoology|publisher= Holt-Saunders International|location= Philadelphia, PA|isbn= 978-0-03-056747-6}}</ref> There is an extensive [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] at the front of the esophagus in all carnivorous snails and slugs.<ref name="Gerlach 1998">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1093/mollus/64.2.249|title=A first record of a terrestrial mollusc without a radula|year=1998|last1=Gerlach|first1=J.|last2=Van Bruggen|first2=A.C.|journal=Journal of Molluscan Studies|volume=64|issue=2|pages=249–250|doi-access=free}}</ref> In the freshwater snail species ''[[Tarebia granifera]]'', the brood pouch is above the esophagus.<ref name="Appleton 2009">Appleton C. C., Forbes A. T.& Demetriades N. T. (2009). [http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a04 "The occurrence, bionomics and potential impacts of the invasive freshwater snail ''Tarebia granifera'' (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) in South Africa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416180451/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a04|date=2014-04-16}}. ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' '''83'''.</ref>

In the [[cephalopod]]s, the brain often surrounds the esophagus.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kutsch|first1=W|last2=Breidbach|first2=O|title=The nervous systems of invertebrates : an evolutionary and comparative approach|year=1994|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|isbn=978-3-7643-5076-5|page=117}}</ref>