Editing Economy of the United States (section)

===Outcomes===
The U.S. lags in overall healthcare performance but is [[Biomedical research in the United States|a global leader in medical innovation]]. America solely developed or contributed significantly to nine of the top ten most important medical innovations since 1975 as ranked by a 2001 poll of physicians, while the EU and Switzerland together contributed to five. Since 1966, Americans have received more [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prizes in Medicine]] than the rest of the world combined. From 1989 to 2002, four times more money was invested in private biotechnology companies in America than in Europe.<ref>{{cite news |last= Cowen |first=Tyler |title=Poor U.S. Scores in Health Care Don't Measure Nobels and Innovation |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/05/business/05scene.html?_r=1& |access-date=October 9, 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 5, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Whitman, Glen |author2=Raad, Raymond |title=Bending the Productivity Curve: Why America Leads the World in Medical Innovation |url= http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/bending-productivity-curve-why-america-leads-world-medical-innovation |publisher=The Cato Institute |access-date=October 9, 2012}}</ref>

Of 17 high-income countries studied by the [[National Institutes of Health]] in 2013, the United States ranked at or near the top in obesity rate, frequency of automobile use and accidents, homicides, [[infant mortality]] rate, incidence of heart and lung disease, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancies, recreational drug or alcohol deaths, injuries, and rates of disability. Together, such lifestyle and societal factors place the U.S. at the bottom of that list for life expectancy. On average, a U.S. male can be expected to live almost four fewer years than those in the top-ranked country, though Americans who reach age 75 live longer than those who reach that age in peer nations.<ref name=nihbph>{{cite book|url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13497 |title="U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health" (2013) National Institutes of Health Committee on Population, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice |year=2013 |publisher=Books.nap.edu |doi=10.17226/13497 |pmid=24006554 |isbn=978-0-309-26414-3 |access-date=October 20, 2013|author1=National Research Council (US) |last2=Woolf |first2=S. H. |last3=Aron |first3=L. }}</ref> One consumption choice causing several of the maladies described above are cigarettes. Americans smoked 258 billion cigarettes in 2016.<ref name="CDCTobaccoFree">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/economics/econ_facts/index.htm|title=Economic Trends in Tobacco|last=CDCTobaccoFree|date=May 4, 2018|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=June 3, 2019 }}</ref> Cigarettes cost the United States $326{{spaces}}billion each year in direct healthcare costs ($170{{spaces}}billion) and lost productivity ($156{{spaces}}billion).<ref name="CDCTobaccoFree" />

A comprehensive 2007 study by European doctors found the five-year [[cancer]] survival rate was significantly higher in the U.S. than in all 21 European nations studied, 66.3% for men versus the European mean of 47.3% and 62.9% versus 52.8% for women.<ref>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Nicole|title=UK cancer survival rate lowest in Europe|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1560849/UK-cancer-survival-rate-lowest-in-Europe.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1560849/UK-cancer-survival-rate-lowest-in-Europe.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=August 19, 2013|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=August 21, 2007}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Verdecchia|first=A|author2=Francisci, S |author3=Brenner, H |author4=Gatta, G |author5=Micheli, A |author6=Mangone, L |author7=Kunkler, I |author8= EUROCARE-4 Working, Group |title=Recent cancer survival in Europe: a 2000–02 period analysis of EUROCARE-4 data|journal=The Lancet Oncology|date=September 2007|volume=8|issue=9|pages=784–96|pmid=17714993|doi=10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70246-2}}</ref> Americans undergo cancer screenings at significantly higher rates than people in other developed countries, and access [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and [[CT scan]]s at the highest rate of any OECD nation.<ref name=Atlas>{{cite book|last=MD|first=Scott W. Atlas|title=In excellent health : setting the record straight on America's health care and charting a path for future reform|year=2011|publisher=Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University|location=Stanford, California|isbn=978-0817914448|pages=199–205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qExi2-3m5IC}}</ref> People in the U.S. diagnosed with [[Hypercholesterolemia|high cholesterol]] or [[hypertension]] access pharmaceutical treatments at higher rates than those diagnosed in other developed nations, and are more likely to successfully control the conditions.<ref>Atlas 2011, pp. 205–07</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wolf-Maier|first=K.|title=Hypertension Treatment and Control in Five European Countries, Canada, and the United States|journal=Hypertension|date=November 24, 2003|volume=43|issue=1|pages=10–17|doi=10.1161/01.HYP.0000103630.72812.10|pmid=14638619|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetics]] are more likely to receive treatment and meet treatment targets in the U.S. than in Canada, England, or Scotland.<ref>Atlas 2011, pp. 150–56</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=June E. |last1=O'Neill |first2=Dave M. |last2=O'Neill |title=Health Status, Health Care and Inequality: Canada vs. the U.S |journal=Forum for Health Economics & Policy |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2202/1558-9544.1094 |year=2008 |s2cid=73172486 |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w13429.pdf}}</ref>

According to a 2018 study of 2016 data by the [[Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation]], the U.S. was ranked 27th in the world for healthcare and education, down from 6th in 1990.<ref>{{cite news |last=McDonald |first=Andy |date=September 28, 2018 |title=U.S. Drops To 27th In The World For Education And Health Care|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/whelp-the-us-now-ranks-27th-in-the-world-on-education-and-healthcare_us_5bae5d02e4b0425e3c23508f|work=The Huffington Post |access-date=October 6, 2018}}</ref>