Editing Economy of Saudi Arabia (section)

===Companies===
{{See also|List of largest companies of Saudi Arabia|List of companies of Saudi Arabia}}

====Saudi Aramco====
[[Saudi Aramco]] (officially the Saudi Arabian Oil Co.) is Saudi Arabia's [[national oil company|national oil, petroleum, and natural gas company]] headquartered in [[Dhahran]].<ref name=obg2009>{{cite book|title=The Report: Saudi Arabia 2009|year=2009|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-907065-08-8|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6s3wtsA-HgC&pg=PA130|access-date=12 December 2015|archive-date=29 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629141236/https://books.google.com/books?id=v6s3wtsA-HgC&pg=PA130|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=sa-aag>{{cite web|title=Our company. At a glance|url=http://www.saudiaramco.com/en/home.html#our-company%257C%252Fen%252Fhome%252Four-company%252Fat-a-glance.baseajax.html|publisher=Saudi Aramco|quote=The Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco) is the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617144443/http://www.saudiaramco.com/en/home.html#our-company%257C%252Fen%252Fhome%252Four-company%252Fat-a-glance.baseajax.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"[http://www.saudiaramco.com/irj/portal/anonymous?favlnk=%2FSaudiAramcoPublic%2Fdocsnav%2FContact+Us&ln=en Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605235509/http://www.saudiaramco.com/irj/portal/anonymous?favlnk=%2FSaudiAramcoPublic%2Fdocsnav%2FContact+Us&ln=en |date=5 June 2012 }}." Saudi Aramco. Retrieved on 5 November 2009. "Headquarters: Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Address: Saudi Aramco P.O. Box 5000 Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia"</ref> Saudi Aramco was listed for public trading on 10 December 2019 and had a valuation as of US$2 trillion as of 12 December 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/11/saudi-aramco-ipo-shares-surge-as-trading-begins.html|title=Saudi Aramco shares surge 10% as historic IPO begins trading|first=Natasha|last= Turak|website=[[CNBC]] |date=11 December 2019 }}</ref>

Saudi Aramco has both the second largest proven crude [[oil reserves]], which it claims to be more than {{convert|260|Goilbbl|m3|lk=in}}, and the largest daily oil production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://steelguru.com/news/index/2008/03/01/MzgxMjE%3D/Aramco_to_spend_USD_90_billion_to_enhance_production.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408081650/http://steelguru.com/news/index/2008/03/01/MzgxMjE=/Aramco_to_spend_USD_90_billion_to_enhance_production.html |url-status=dead |title=SteelGuru – News<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=8 April 2010}}</ref> The company operates the world's largest single hydrocarbon network, the Master Gas System. Its yearly production is {{convert|3.479|Goilbbl|m3}},<ref name="facts2012">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saudiaramco.com/content/dam/Publications/Annual%20Review/AnnualReview2010/Annual%20Review_2010_modified_080611.pdf|title=Saudi Aramco Annual Review 2010|access-date=12 May 2014|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806181938/http://www.saudiaramco.com/content/dam/Publications/Annual%20Review/AnnualReview2010/Annual%20Review_2010_modified_080611.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and it manages over 100 oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia, including 284.8 [[Orders of magnitude (numbers)#1012|trillion]] [[Standard cubic foot|standard cubic feet (scf)]] of natural gas reserves.<ref name="facts2012"/> Saudi Aramco owns the [[Ghawar Field]], the world's largest oil field, and the [[Shaybah]] Field, another one of the world's largest oil fields.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/01/21/biggest-oil-fields-business-energy-oil-fields.html|title=The World's Biggest Oil Reserves|first=Christopher|last=Helman|website=Forbes|access-date=26 August 2017|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124020925/http://www.forbes.com/2010/01/21/biggest-oil-fields-business-energy-oil-fields.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 16 November 2020, Saudi Aramco announced hiring banks to sell dollar-denominated bonds with the aim of improving finances after the coronavirus pandemic caused a sharp fall in the global demand for crude oil. Aramco's multi-tranche offer was set to run between 3 and 50 years, depending on the market conditions. The banks hired for the transaction included Citi Bank, Goldman Sachs International, HSBC, JP Morgan, Morgan Stanley and NCB Capital.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/c10dcb3b-89cf-4fc4-a1b2-bd434f79258b|title=Saudi Aramco to sell billions of dollars in international bonds|access-date=16 November 2020|website=Financial Times|date=16 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116085227/https://www.ft.com/content/c10dcb3b-89cf-4fc4-a1b2-bd434f79258b|url-status=live|last1=Kerr|first1=Simeon}}</ref> Other banks involved in the deal included [[BNP Paribas]], [[BOC International]], [[BofA Securities]], [[Crédit Agricole|Credit Agricole]], [[First Abu Dhabi Bank]], [[Mizuho Financial Group|Mizuho]], [[MUFG]], [[SMBC Nikko Securities|SMBC Nikko]] and [[Société Générale|Societe Generale]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aramco-bonds/aramco-plans-debt-market-comeback-with-multi-tranche-bond-deal-idUSKBN27W0IP|title=Saudi Aramco plans debt market comeback with multi-tranche bond deal|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Reuters|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116075857/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aramco-bonds/aramco-plans-debt-market-comeback-with-multi-tranche-bond-deal-idUSKBN27W0IP|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021, Saudi Aramco made a net-income of 95.5 billion riyals ($25.5 billion) in the second quarter alone, which was the highest level since 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Saudi Aramco sees highest profit since 2018 as economies reopen|author=Wallace, Paul|author2=Martin, Matthew|date=9 August 2021|website=aljazeera.com|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/8/9/saudi-aramco-sees-highest-profit-since-2018-as-economies-reopen#:~:text=Saudi%20Aramco%20followed%20its%20Big,since%20the%20end%20of%202018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011194309/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/8/9/saudi-aramco-sees-highest-profit-since-2018-as-economies-reopen#:~:text=Saudi%20Aramco%20followed%20its%20Big,since%20the%20end%20of%202018 |archive-date=11 October 2021}}</ref>

====SABIC====
The Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) was established by a royal decree in 1976 to produce chemicals, polymers, and fertilizers. In 2008, SABIC was Asia's largest (in terms of market capitalization) and most profitable publicly listed non-oil company, the world's fourth-largest petrochemical company, the second-largest producer of [[ethylene glycol]] and [[methanol]] in the world, the third-largest producer of [[polyethylene]] and overall the fourth-largest producer of [[polypropylene]] and [[polyolefin]]. It ranked 186th as the world's largest corporation on the Fortune Global 500 for 2009. [[Standard & Poor's]] and [[Fitch Ratings]] claimed SABIC to be the world's largest producer of polymers and the Persian Gulf region's largest steel producer for 2005 and assigned SABIC an "A" corporate credit rating. In 2008, Fortune 500 ranking records SABIC revenues at $40.2&nbsp;billion, profits at $5.8&nbsp;billion, and assets standing at $72.4&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=6&section=0&article=127085&d=5&m=10&y=2009&pix=business.jpg&category=Business |title=SABIC climbing up the growth ladder |publisher=Arabnews.com |access-date=28 September 2012 |archive-date=26 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526173123/http://www.arabnews.com/?page=6&section=0&article=127085&d=5&m=10&y=2009&pix=business.jpg&category=Business |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Ma'aden (company)====
Ma'aden was formed as a Saudi [[joint stock company]] on 23 March 1997 for the purpose of facilitating the development of Saudi Arabia's mineral resources. Ma'aden's activities have focused on its active gold business which has grown in recent years to include the operation of five gold mines: Mahd Ad Dahab, Al Hajar, Sukhaybarat, Bulghah, and Al Amar. Ma'aden is now expanding its activities beyond its gold business with the development of [[Phosphate minerals|phosphates]], aluminium, and other projects. In addition, since its formation, Ma'aden (through the [[Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia|Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources]]) has collaborated with the government and local legislators to develop a regulatory framework for the governance of the mining industry.