Editing Disc jockey (section)

==History==
{{For|the history of club DJs|History of DJing}}
{{For|the history of radio DJs|History of radio disc jockeys}}

Playing recorded music for dancing and parties rose with the mass marketing of home [[phonograph]]s in the late 19th century.

British radio disc jockey [[Jimmy Savile]] hosted his first live dance party in 1943 using a single turntable and a makeshift sound system. Four years later, Savile began using two turntables welded together to form a single DJ console.<ref name="CrisellWhite2009">{{cite book|author1=Luke Crisell|author2=Phil White|author3=Rob Principe|title=On the Record: The Scratch DJ Academy Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WxeyvC5r1hgC&pg=PA23|date=14 April 2009|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4299-6623-8|pages=23–}}</ref> In 1947, the Whisky à Gogo opened in Paris as the first [[discotheque]].<ref name="UF">{{cite web|title=So You Want To Be A DJ? History|url=http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall09/bein_k/history.html|website=UF Interactive Media Lab|publisher=University of Florida|access-date=19 September 2016|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308165043/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall09/bein_k/history.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1959, one of the first discos in Germany, the [[Scotch Club]], opened in [[Aachen]] and visiting journalist Klaus Quirini (later DJ Heinrich) made comments, conducted audience games, and announced songs while playing records. The first song he played was the hit ''Ein Schiff wird kommen'' by [[Lale Andersen]].<ref name="1st">{{cite news |last1=Crossland |first1=David |title=Meet Heinrich, the World's First Disc Jockey |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/club-culture-meet-heinrich-the-world-s-first-disc-jockey-a-656052.html |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=Der Spiegel |date=19 October 2009}}</ref><ref name="dj1">{{cite news |last1=Maack |first1=Benjamin |title=Deutschlands erster Plattenprinz |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/erfindung-der-disco-a-948556.html |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=Der Spiegel |date=19 October 2009}}</ref>

In the 1960s, [[Rudy Bozak]] began making the first [[DJ mixer]]s, mixing consoles specialized for DJing.
In the late 1960s to early 1970s [[Sound system (Jamaican)|Jamaican sound system]] culture, producer and sound system operator (DJ), (Jamaican) [[King Tubby]] and producer [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]] were pioneers of the genre known as [[dub music]].<ref name="veal">Michael Veal (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kYtiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP54 ''Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae'', pages 26–44, "Electronic Music in Jamaica"], [[Wesleyan University Press]].</ref><ref name="cambridge20">Nicholas Collins, Margaret Schedel, Scott Wilson (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=bQeAtG97BmEC&pg=PA20 ''Electronic Music: Cambridge Introductions to Music'', page 20], [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> They experimented with [[Tape music|tape-based composition]]; emphasized repetitive rhythmic structures (often stripped of their harmonic elements); electronically manipulated spatiality; sonically manipulated pre-recorded musical materials from mass media;<ref name="veal"/> and [[remix]]ed music among other innovative techniques.<ref name="cambridge20"/> It is widely known that the Jamaican dancehall culture has had and continues to have a significant impact on the American hip hop culture.<ref name="veal"/><ref name="cambridge20"/>

[[File:Vintage DJ Station 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|thumb|right|Vintage DJ Station. A [[DJ mixer]] is placed between the two turntables.]]
[[File:Pioneer DDJ-RX DJ-Controller (front) with computer running mixing software Rekordbox.jpg|thumb|[[Pioneer DJ|Pioneer DDJ-RX]] controller with the mixing software rekordbox running on a computer. The physical setup (two "discs" as primary tools, mixing controls mainly in the middle) of this digital DJ workplace strongly resembles the style of the old analog DJ set above, as the latter was standard and "[[best practice]]".]]
DJ [[turntablism]] has origins in the invention of [[direct-drive turntable]]s. Early [[belt-drive turntable]]s were unsuitable for turntablism and mixing, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LApZ8KV7bZAC&pg=PA43 ''The World of DJs and the Turntable Culture'', p. 43], [[Hal Leonard Corporation]], 2003.</ref> The first direct-drive turntable was invented by engineer Shuichi Obata at [[Panasonic|Matsushita]] (now [[Panasonic]]),<ref>''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 21 May 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT140 p. 140].</ref> based in [[Osaka]], Japan.<ref>Brian Santo, "Consumer Electrics Hall of Fame: The Maysushita/Technics SL-1200," ''IEEE Spectrum'' (20 Dec 2018): https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-consumer-electronics-hall-of-fame-the-matsushitatechnics-sl1200; and Shuichi Obata et al., "...Recent Technology", ''Journal of the Audio Engineering Society'' 32/6 (Apr. 1984), 131.</ref> It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests.<ref name="oxford">Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&pg=PA515 ''The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies'', p. 515], [[Oxford University Press]].</ref> In 1969, Matsushita released it as the [[Technics (brand)|SP-10]],<ref name="oxford"/> the first direct-drive turntable on the market,<ref name="reverb">{{cite web |title=History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall |url=https://reverb.com/news/history-of-the-record-player-part-ii-the-rise-and-fall |website=[[Reverb.com]] |date=October 2015 |access-date=5 June 2016}}</ref> and the first in their influential [[Technics (brand)|Technics]] series of turntables.<ref name="oxford"/>

In 1972, Technics started making their [[Technics SL-1200|SL-1200 turntable]], featuring high torque [[direct-drive turntable|direct drive]] design.<ref name="wired">[https://www.wired.com/2002/05/blackbox/ Six Machines That Changed The Music World], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', May 2002.</ref> The SL-1200 had a rapid start and its durable direct drive enabled DJs to manipulate the platter, as with scratching techniques. [[Hip hop]] DJs began using the Technics SL-1200s as musical instruments to manipulate records with [[turntablism]] techniques such as [[scratching]] and [[beat juggling]] rather than merely mixing records. These techniques were developed in the 1970s by [[DJ Kool Herc]], [[Grand Wizard Theodore]], and [[Afrika Bambaataa]], as they experimented with Technics direct-drive decks, finding that the motor would continue to spin at the correct [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]] even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter.<ref name="wired"/>

In 1980, Japanese company [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] released the [[Roland TR-808|TR-808]], an analog [[Drum machine|rhythm/drum machine]], which has unique artificial sounds, such as its booming [[Bass drum|bass]] and sharp [[Snare drum|snare]], and a [[metronome]]-like [[rhythm]]. [[Yellow Magic Orchestra]]'s use of the instrument in 1980 influenced hip hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa, after which the TR-808 would be widely adopted by hip hop DJs, with 808 sounds remaining central to hip-hop music ever since.<ref name="kulkarni">[[Neil Kulkarni]] (2015), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ysyiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 ''The Periodic Table of HIP HOP'', p. 44], [[Random House]].</ref><ref name="808film">[[808 (film)|''808'' (documentary film)]].</ref> The [[Roland TB-303]], a [[bass synthesizer]] released in 1981, had a similar impact on [[electronic dance music]] genres such as [[techno]] and [[house music]],<ref name="guardian">{{cite web|last=Vine|first=Richard|title=Tadao Kikumoto invents the Roland TB-303|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/15/tadao-kikumoto-roland|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=9 July 2011|date=15 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="kulkarni"/> along with Roland's TR-808<ref name="808film"/> and [[TR-909]] drum machines.<ref name="complex">[http://complex.com/music/2014/09/roland-tr-909-tracks/ Complex.com].</ref><ref name="mixmag">[http://mixmag.net/feature/909-tracks-using-the-tr-909 Mixmag].</ref>

In 1982, the [[Compact disc|Compact Disc]] (CD) format was released, popularizing [[digital audio]]. In 1998, the first MP3 digital audio player, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10, was introduced. In January of that same year at the [[BeOS]] Developer Conference, N2IT demonstrated FinalScratch, the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time-coded vinyl records or CDs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pinch |first1=Trevor |last2=Bijsterveld |first2=Karin |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-538894-7 |page=518 |url-access=registration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&q=beos+developer+conference&pg=PA518}}</ref> While it would take some time for this novel concept to catch on with the "die-hard Vinyl DJs", this would become the first step in the Digital DJ revolution. Manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional endorsements, the first being Professor Jam (a.k.a. William P. Rader), who went on to develop the industry's first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the "CPS (Computerized Performance System) DJ Summit", to help spread the word about the advantages of this emerging technology.

In 2001, [[Pioneer DJ]] began producing the [[CDJ#CDJ-1000|CDJ-1000]] [[CD player]], making the use of digital music recordings with traditional DJ techniques practical for the first time. As the 2000s progressed, laptop computers became more powerful and affordable. [[#Software|DJ software]], specialized DJ [[sound card]]s, and [[DJ controller]]s were developed for DJs to use laptops as a source of music rather than turntables or CDJs. In the 2010s, like laptops before them, [[tablet computer]]s and [[smartphone]]s became more powerful & affordable. DJ software was written to run on these more portable devices instead of laptops, although laptops remain the more common type of computer for DJing.