Editing Demographics of Russia (section)

==Religion==
{{Main|Religion in Russia}}
{{Further|Russian Orthodox Church|Christianity in Russia|Islam in Russia|Buddhism in Russia}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Russia (2024 estimate)<ref name="FOM 2024">{{cite web|title=Русская православная церковь|url=https://fom.ru/TSennosti/15011|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=2 May 2024|access-date=10 June 2024|archive-date=16 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516060957/https://fom.ru/TSennosti/15011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FOM 2024 Tables">{{cite web|title=Русская православная церковь
|url=https://fom.ru/posts/download/15011|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=2 May 2024|access-date=10 June 2024|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192150/https://fom.ru/posts/download/15011|url-status=live}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]]
|value1 = 61.8
|color1 = Red
|label2 = Other [[Christian]]
|value2 = 2.6
|color2 = Maroon
|label3 = [[Islam]]
|value3 = 9.5
|color3 = Green
|label4 = Other religions
|value4 = 1.4
|color4 = Yellow
|label5 = [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|value5 = 21.2
|color5 = WhiteSmoke
|label6 = Undeclared
|value6 = 3.5
|color6 = Black
}}
[[File:Кафедральный собор Благовещения Пресвятой Богородицы.jpg|thumb|left|[[Annunciation Cathedral, Voronezh|Annunciation Cathedral]] in [[Voronezh]]]]
Russia is a [[secular state]] by constitution, and its largest religion is [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]]. It has the world's [[Eastern Orthodoxy by country|largest Orthodox population]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|date=10 May 2017|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=10 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510190714/http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|date=10 November 2017|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125010533/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/11/08/orthodox-christianity-in-the-21st-century/|url-status=live}}</ref> As of different sociological surveys on religious adherence, between 41% and over 80% of the total population of Russia adhere to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref name="ReligionCensus">There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, [http://sreda.org/arena ARENA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012064011/http://sreda.org/arena |date=12 October 2012 }} determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, [[Catholic Church in Russia|Catholic]], Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the [http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman Levada Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231020830/http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman |date=31 December 2012 }} determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the [http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 Public Opinion Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415213226/https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 |date=15 April 2020 }} determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with [http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Pew] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510181111/https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ |date=10 May 2020 }}'s 2010 survey, which determined that 73.3% of Russians are Christians, with [http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365 VTSIOM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929201730/https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365%2F |date=29 September 2020 }}'s 2010 survey (≈77% Christian), and with [http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf#page=40 Ipsos MORI] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013643/http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf |date=17 January 2013 }}'s 2011 survey (69%).</ref><ref name="Ogonek">''[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1997068 Верю — не верю] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827114409/http://kommersant.ru/doc/1997068 |date=27 August 2012 }}''. "Ogonek", No. 34 (5243), 27 August 2012. ''Retrieved 24 September 2012''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.religare.ru/2_42432.html|script-title=ru:Опубликована подробная сравнительная статистика религиозности в России и Польше|language=ru|access-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202081009/http://www.religare.ru/2_42432.html|archive-date=2 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other branches of Christianity present in Russia include [[Catholic Church in Russia|Catholicism]] (approx. 1%), [[Baptists]], [[Pentecostals]], [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] and other Protestant churches (together totalling about 0.5% of the population) and [[Old Believers]].<ref name="ArenaAtlas">[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206100344/http://sreda.org/en/arena |date=6 December 2017 }}. Sreda, 2012.</ref><ref name="2012maps">[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. ''Ogonek'', No. 34 (5243), 27 August 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].</ref> There is some presence of Judaism, [[Buddhism]], and [[Hinduism]]; pagan beliefs are also present to some extent in remote areas, sometimes [[Syncretism|syncretized]] with one of the mainstream religions.

In 2017, a survey made by the [[Pew Research Center]] showed that 73% of Russians declared themselves as Christians—out of which 71% were [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox]], 1% were [[Catholic]], and 2% were Other Christians, while 15% were [[Irreligion|unaffiliated]], 10% were [[Muslims]], and 1% followed other religions.<ref name="Pew2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/|title=Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe|date=10 May 2017|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224200050/http://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to various reports, the proportion of [[Atheism|Atheists]] in Russia is between 16% and 48% of the population.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Atheism|last=Zuckerman|first=P.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|editor-first=Michael|editor-last=Martin|chapter=Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns}}</ref>

[[Islam in Russia|Islam]] is the second-largest religion in Russia, and it is the traditional religion among most [[peoples of the Caucasus|peoples of the North Caucasus]], and among some [[Turkic peoples]] scattered along the [[Idel-Ural|Volga-Ural]] region.<ref name="re1">{{cite book|title=Europe: Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wm3w1oGCaEoC&pg=PA1387|series=World and Its Peoples|year=2010|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|isbn=978-0-7614-7900-0|page=1387|chapter=Russian Federation}}</ref> [[Buddhism in Russia|Buddhists]] have a sizable population in three Siberian republics: [[Buryatia]], [[Tuva]], and [[Zabaykalsky Krai]], and in [[Kalmykia]], the only region in Europe where Buddhism is the most practised religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/russias-buddhist-republic/|title=Russia's Buddhist Republic|work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|quote="Kalmykia is Europe's only Buddhist Republic. The region's people are descended from the nomads who wandered the vast Central Asian steppes under [[Genghis Khan]]'s [[Mongol Empire|empire]]. When the empire began to collapse, the [[Kalmyks|Kalmykians]] migrated toward the Caspian Sea settling what is today called Kalmykia – Kalmyk means "remnant" in the local language."|first=Bradley|last=Jardine|date=4 January 2017|access-date=4 June 2021|archive-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106155005/https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/russias-buddhist-republic/|url-status=live}}</ref>