Editing Crocodile (section)

==Relationship with humans==
===Danger to humans===
{{Main|Crocodile attacks}}
[[File:Marine Stingers Sign Cairns.JPG|thumb|Crocodile warning sign, [[Trinity Beach, Queensland]], Australia]]
The larger species of crocodiles are very dangerous to humans, mainly because of their ability to strike before the person can react.<ref name=iucncsg>{{cite web|title=Crocodilian Attacks|url=http://www.iucncsg.org/pages/Crocodilian-Attacks.html|publisher=IUCN Crocodile Specialist Group (iucncsg.org)|access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> The [[saltwater crocodile]] and [[Nile crocodile]] are the most dangerous, killing hundreds of people each year in parts of Southeast Asia and Africa. The [[mugger crocodile]] and [[American crocodile]] are also dangerous to humans.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===Crocodile products===
{{Further|Crocodile farm|Crocodile skin}}
[[File:Crocodile wallets.jpg|thumb|Crocodile leather wallets from a [[Bangkok]] crocodile farm]]
[[File:Teriyaki CrocTail.jpg|thumb|A plate of crocodile meat in [[teriyaki sauce]] in [[Helsinki]], Finland]]
Crocodiles are protected in many parts of the world, but are also farmed commercially. Their hides are tanned and used to make leather goods such as shoes and [[handbag]]s; crocodile meat is also considered a delicacy.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/30/us/anahuac-journal-alligator-farmer-feeds-demand-for-all-the-parts.html |title=Anahuac Journal; Alligator Farmer Feeds Demand for All the Parts |work=The New York Times |date=30 November 1998 |last=Lyman |first=Rick |access-date=13 November 2013}}</ref> The most commonly farmed species are the saltwater and Nile crocodiles, while a hybrid of the saltwater and the rare [[Siamese crocodile]] is also bred in Asian farms. Farming has resulted in an increase in the saltwater crocodile population in Australia, as eggs are usually harvested from the wild, so landowners have an incentive to conserve their habitat. Crocodile leather can be made into goods such as wallets, briefcases, purses, handbags, belts, hats, and shoes. [[Crocodile oil]] has been used for various purposes.<ref>{{cite book|author=Elisabeth Janos|title=Country Folk Medicine: Tales of Skunk Oil, Sassafras Tea and Other Old-Time Remedies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUaaDBFsYFEC&pg=PA56|year=2004|publisher=Globe Pequot Press|isbn=978-1-59228-178-7|page=56}}</ref> [[Vietnamese cuisine#Exotic dishes|Crocodiles were eaten by Vietnamese]] while they were taboo and off limits for Chinese. Vietnamese women who married Chinese men adopted the Chinese taboo.<ref name="Peters2012">{{cite book |author=Erica J. Peters |title=Appetites and Aspirations in Vietnam: Food and Drink in the Long Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_P1ig12re4C&pg=PA142 |year=2012 |publisher=Rowman Altamira |isbn=978-0-7591-2075-4 |pages=142–}}</ref>

Crocodile meat is consumed in some countries, such as Australia, [[Ethiopia]], Thailand, South Africa, China, and Cuba (in pickled form). It is also occasionally eaten as an "exotic" delicacy in the western world.<ref>{{cite news| last1=Armstrong| first1=Hilary|title=Best exotic restaurants in London|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/restaurants/best-exotic-restaurants-in-london-6863561.html|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|access-date=4 September 2016|date=8 April 2009}}</ref> Cuts of meat include backstrap and tail fillet.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

Due to high demand for crocodile products, [[Traffic (conservation programme)|TRAFFIC]] states that 1,418,487 Nile Crocodile skins were exported from Africa between 2006 and 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.traffic.org/what-we-do/species/reptiles-and-amphibians/|title=Reptiles and amphibians – Species we work with at TRAFFIC|website=www.traffic.org|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

==={{anchor|hunting}}<!---redirect targets this anchor - do not remove--->Crocodile hunting and conservation===

[[Aboriginal Australians]] harvested eggs and hunted crocodiles in a sustainable way for many thousands of years. The [[Brinkin people]] (aka Marrithiyal) of the [[Daly River (Northern Territory)|Daly River]] in the [[Northern Territory]] (NT) used [[harpoon]]s and [[bamboo]], and even their own hands to capture crocodiles for food.<ref name=mash>{{cite web | last=Ryall | first=Jenni | title=Incredible video shows how crocodiles were hunted in Australia in 1949 |format=text + video, 10m.| website=[[Mashable]] | date=29 October 2021 | url=https://mashable.com/article/crocodile-hunters-australia | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> After settlement of northern Australia, in the late-19th and early 20th centuries, non-[[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] people killed individual crocodiles, mostly by locals to protect the population, or novelty-seeking visitors, or just opportunistically, so numbers were not noticeably reduced. From the 1930s, commercial hunting began, with Aboriginal people often employed to kill the crocodiles using traditional methods. From the 1940s to the 1960s, hunting began on a larger scale using [[.303 rifle]]s.<ref name=qha>{{cite web | title=Crocodile hunting | website=Queensland Historical Atlas | date=21 August 2013 | url=https://www.qhatlas.com.au/crocodile-hunting | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> They were hunted for leather, with  the skins shipped to plants in capital cities.<ref name=mash/> [[Western Australia]] banned hunting freshwater crocodiles in 1962 and saltwater crocodiles in 1970, while NT bans were brought in 1964 and 1971; [[Queensland]] did not pass such legislation. The federal government later banned the export of crocodile skins, which brought commercial hunting to an end in Queensland.<ref name=qha/> They have been a [[protected species]] since the 1970s, when numbers were down to approximately 3,000 in the NT at the lowest estimate. In 2021, after several attacks on humans by the "salties" and an estimated population of around 200,000 had been reached, Queensland politician [[Bob Katter]] called for the reintroduction of hunting.<ref name= vidler2021>{{cite web | last=Vidler | first=Adam | title=With more big crocs than ever, should hunting be allowed? | website=[[Nine News|9News]] | date=29 March 2021 | url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/crocodile-populations-rising-protected-hunting-bob-katter/023d28c2-ee46-436c-a790-a5c952efe160 | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref>

===In religion and mythology===
{{Further|Crocodilia#Cultural depictions}}
[[File:Sobek Oxford.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of [[Sobek]] from the mortuary temple of [[Amenemhat III]] {{circa}} 1810 BC. [[Ashmolean Museum]], Oxford.]]
[[File:Plaque with Crocodile Deity, ca. 700-900.,33.448.12.jpg|thumb|Brooklyn Museum – Plaque from Cocle, Panama, with Crocodile Deity, ca. 700–900.,33.448.12]]
Crocodiles have appeared in various forms in religions across the world. [[Ancient Egypt]] had [[Sobek]], the crocodile-headed god, with his cult-city [[Crocodilopolis]], as well as [[Taweret]], the goddess of childbirth and fertility, with the back and tail of a crocodile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/sobek.htm|title=Egypt: The Crocodile God, Sobek|publisher=Tour Egypt|author=Catherine C. Harris}}</ref> The [[Wukari Federation#Religion|Jukun shrine in the Wukari Federation]], Nigeria is dedicated to crocodiles in thanks for their aid during migration.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200906240052.html|title=Nigeria: How Giant Crocodiles Guided Jukun to Kwararafa|work=All Africa|author=Fidelis Mac-Leva}} 24 June 2009</ref> In [[Madagascar]] various peoples such as the [[Sakalava people|Sakalava]] and [[Antandroy]] see crocodiles as ancestor spirits and under local ''[[Fady (taboo)|fady]]'' often offer them food;<ref name="Campbell, Gwyn 2012">Campbell, Gwyn (2012). David Griffiths and the Missionary "History of Madagascar". Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. {{ISBN|978-90-04-19518-9}}.</ref><ref>Marty Crump, Livros no Google Play
Eye of Newt and Toe of Frog, Adder's Fork and Lizard's Leg: The Lore and Mythology of Amphibians and Reptiles, University of Chicago Press, 16 November 2015</ref> in the case of the latter at least a crocodile features prominently as an ancestor deity.<ref name="Campbell, Gwyn 2012"/><ref>An ''[[The Athenaeum (British magazine)|Athenæum]]'' article [https://books.google.com/books?id=-t8RAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA247 makes a claim] of a specific crocodile deity named textually as "Jacaret", but less biased sources do not mention this theonym in any capacity.</ref>

Crocodiles appear in different forms in [[Hinduism]]. [[Varuna]], a [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] and Hindu god, rides a part-crocodile [[Makara (Hindu mythology)|makara]]; his consort [[Varuni]] rides a crocodile.<ref name="One" /> Similarly the goddess personifications of the [[Ganges|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]] rivers are often depicted as riding crocodiles.<ref>{{cite web | title = Holy Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans | work = Heart of Hinduism | publisher = ISKCON Educational Services | year = 2004 | url = http://hinduism.iskcon.org/practice/504.htm | quote = Most rivers are considered female and are personified as goddesses. Ganga, who features in the Mahabharata, is usually shown riding on a crocodile (see right). | access-date = 16 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141014184216/http://hinduism.iskcon.org/practice/504.htm | archive-date = 14 October 2014 | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ganga The River Goddess – Tales in Art and Mythology | date = August 2003 | first = Nitin | last = Kumar | url = http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/ganga/ | quote = The second distinguishing aspect of Ganga's iconography is her animal mount, which is often shown serving as a pedestal for her. This is the makara, a hybrid creature having the body of a crocodile and the tail of a fish. The makara in Hindu thought corresponds to the star sign of Capricorn in western astrology. The crocodile is a unique animal in that it can live on both land and sea. It thus denotes the wisdom of both the earth and waters.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Hindu gods and their holy mounts | publisher = Sri.Venkateswara Zoological Park | url = http://svzoo.org/html/anicult2.htm | quote = The river goddesses, Ganga and Yamuna, were appropriately mounted on a tortoise and a crocodile respectively. | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140623165912/http://svzoo.org/html/anicult2.htm | archive-date = 23 June 2014}}</ref> Also in India, in [[Goa]], crocodile worship is practised, including the annual ''Mannge Thapnee'' ceremony.<ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--unclear. possibly L. Rattanani because blurb may be except from India Today Magazine, 15 January 1995, page 23--> |title=The Crocodile is God in Goa |journal=Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter |date=January–March 1995 |volume=14 |issue=1 |page=8 |url=http://www.iucncsg.org/365_docs/attachments/protarea/CSG%20-96e3654b.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.iucncsg.org/365_docs/attachments/protarea/CSG%20-96e3654b.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Sikh]] warriors known as [[nihang]] also have connections with crocodiles. ''Nihang'' may come from the Persian word for a mythical sea creature ({{langx|fa|نهنگ}}).<ref>{{cite book | last=Taba| first= David| year=2011| title= Iranian Character of The Armenian Language | page=9}}</ref> The term owes its origin to [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] historians, who compared the ferocity of the Akali with that of crocodiles.<ref>{{cite web  | title=Explainer Nihang Sikh sect in spotlight again after Singhu killing | website=The Federal | date=15 October 2021 | url=https://thefederal.com/videos/explainers/explainer-nihang-sikh-sect-in-spotlight-again-after-singhu-killing/ | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The Nihang | website=Sikh Heritage | url=http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/movements/Nihangs/Nihangs.htm | access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> In [[Sikhism]] however, ''Akali'' refers to the immortal army of Akal (god).<ref>{{cite book | last=Singh | first=Khushwant | year=1999 | title=A History of the Sikhs Voghzlume I:1469–1839 | publisher=Oxford University Press  | location=India | isbn = 0-19-562643-5 | page=215}}</ref>

In Latin America, [[Cipactli]] was the giant earth crocodile of the [[Aztec]] and other [[Nahua peoples]].{{citation needed|date=September 2021}}
[[File:City of Surabaya Logo.svg|thumb|upright|Fighting shark and crocodile, the emblem of Surabaya]]
The name of [[Surabaya]], Indonesia, is locally believed to be derived from the words "''suro"'' ([[shark]]) and "''boyo"'' (crocodile), two creatures which, in a local [[mythology|myth]], fought each other in order to gain the title of "the strongest and most powerful animal" in the area. It was said that the two powerful animals agreed for a truce and set boundaries; that the shark's domain would be in the sea while the crocodile's domain would be on the land. However one day the shark swam into the river estuary to hunt; this angered the crocodile, who declared it his territory. The Shark argued that the river was a water-realm which meant that it was shark territory, while the crocodile argued that the river flowed deep inland, so it was therefore crocodile territory. The two animals bit each other and a ferocious fight ensued. Finally the shark, badly bitten, fled to the open sea, and in the end the crocodile ruled the estuarine area that today is the city.<ref name="Irwan Rouf & Shenia Ananda 60">{{cite book|author1=Irwan Rouf|author2=Shenia Ananda|title=Rangkuman 100 Cerita Rakyat Indonesia: Dari Sabang Sampai Merauke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPJqcwuSOUkC&pg=PA64| year=2013| publisher=AnakKita |isbn=978-602-9003-82-6 |page=60}}</ref> Another source alludes to a [[Jayabaya]] prophecy—a 12th-century psychic king of [[Kediri Kingdom]]—as he foresaw a fight between a giant [[white shark]] and a giant white crocodile taking place in the area. This is sometimes interpreted as a foretelling of the [[Mongol invasion of Java]], a major conflict between the forces of the [[Kublai Khan]], [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] ruler of [[China]], and those of [[Raden Wijaya]]'s [[Majapahit]] in 1293.<ref name="EastJava">{{cite web|title=Welcome to Surabaya City, East Java|publisher=Surabaya Tourism, EastJava.com| url=http://www.eastjava.com/tourism/surabaya/|access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref> The two animals are now used as the city's symbol, with the two facing and circling each other, as depicted in a statue appropriately located near the entrance to the [[Surabaya Zoo|city zoo]] (see photo on the [[Surabaya]] page).{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

===In language and as symbols===

[[File:The American River Ganges (Thomas Nast cartoon).jpg|thumb|1876 U.S. cartoon by [[Thomas Nast]] depicting Roman Catholic bishops as crocodiles attacking public schools, with the connivance of Irish Catholic politicians]]

{{Main|Crocodile tears}}

The term "[[crocodile tears]]" (and equivalents in other languages) refers to a false, insincere display of emotion, such as a [[hypocrite]] crying fake tears of [[grief]]. It is derived from an ancient anecdote that crocodiles weep in order to lure their prey, or that they [[Crying|cry]] for the victims they are eating, first told in the ''[[Bibliotheca (Photius)|Bibliotheca]]'' by [[Photios I of Constantinople]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Bibliothèque. Tome VIII : Codices 257–280. |last=PHOTIUS |others=Texte établi et traduit par R. Henry. |year=1977 |publisher=Les Belles Lettres |location=Paris |language=fr, grc |isbn=978-2-251-32227-8 |page=93 }}</ref> The story is repeated in bestiaries such as [[List of medieval bestiaries#DeBestiis|''De bestiis et aliis rebus'']]. This tale was first spread widely in English in the stories of the ''Travels of [[Sir John Mandeville]]'' in the 14th century, and appears in several of [[Shakespeare]]'s plays.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-KxOZWvNdgC&pg=PT185 |title=Curious creatures in zoology |author=John Ashton |isbn=978-1-4092-3184-4 |year=2009}}</ref> In fact, crocodiles can and do generate tears, but they do not actually cry.<ref>[http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/cnhc/cbd-faq-q6.htm Britton, Adam (n.d.). Do crocodiles cry 'crocodile tears'?] ''Crocodilian Biology Database''. Retrieved 13 March 2006 from the Crocodile Specialist Group, Crocodile Species List, FAQ.</ref>

In the UK, a row of [[schoolchildren]] walking in pairs, or two by two is known as "crocodile".<ref>Martin H. Manser, Turton and Nigel D. Turton {{Google books|DXHJ1ylVHnYC|Advanced Learner's Dictionary|page=164}}</ref><ref>Angela Brazil {{Google books|mmtGAgAAQBAJ|The Nicest Girl in the School|page=50}}</ref>

===Fashion logos===
The French clothing company [[Lacoste]] features a crocodile in its [[logo]]. The American shoe company [[Crocs]] also uses this imagery in its logo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandu |first=Bogdan |date=2023-09-25 |title=The Crocs Logo History, Colors, Font, and Meaning |url=https://www.designyourway.net/blog/crocs-logo/ |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Design Your Way |language=en-US}}</ref>