Editing Copenhagen (section)

==Economy==
Copenhagen is the major economic and [[financial centre]] of Denmark. The city's economy is based largely on services and commerce. Statistics for 2010 show that the vast majority of the 350,000 workers in Copenhagen are employed in the [[service sector]], especially transport and communications, trade, and finance, while less than 10,000 work in the manufacturing industries. The [[public sector]] workforce is around 110,000, including education and healthcare.<ref>{{cite web|title=Workplaces in Copenhagen by industry and residence of the employed, 1 January 2010|url=https://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/Press/FactsOnCopenhagen/Statistics/Labor%20market/WorkplacesByIndustry.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223959/https://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/Press/FactsOnCopenhagen/Statistics/Labor%20market/WorkplacesByIndustry.aspx|archive-date=2 December 2013|access-date=25 November 2013|publisher=City of Copenhagen}}</ref> From 2006 to 2011, the economy grew by 2.5% in Copenhagen, while it fell by some 4% in the rest of Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 November 2013|title=Udvalgte indikatorer for Københavns erhvervsmæssige præstationer og rammevilkår|url=http://www.damvad.com/media/82689/erhvervsdata_kk-endelig.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030344/http://www.damvad.com/media/82689/erhvervsdata_kk-endelig.pdf|archive-date=3 December 2013|access-date=26 November 2013|publisher=DAMVAD|language=da}}</ref> In 2017, the wider [[Capital Region of Denmark]] had a gross domestic product (GDP) of €120&nbsp;billion, and the 15th largest [[GDP per capita]] of regions in the European Union.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2013|title=Regional GDP per capita in the EU in 2010|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-21032013-AP/EN/1-21032013-AP-EN.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403140856/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/1-21032013-AP/EN/1-21032013-AP-EN.PDF|archive-date=3 April 2013|access-date=14 April 2016|publisher=Eurostat}}</ref>
As of Copenhagen Green Economy Leader Report made by [[London School of Economics|London School of Economics and Political Science]] – Copenhagen is widely recognised as a leader in the global green economy. The Copenhagen region accounts for almost 40% of Denmark's output and has enjoyed long-term stable growth. At a national level, Danish GDP per capita is ranked among the top 10 countries in the world. At the same time, the city's growth has been delivered while improving environmental performance and transitioning to a low-carbon economy.
[[File:Krystallen (Nykredit).jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[The Crystal, Copenhagen|The Crystal]], headquarters of Nykredit bank]]
Several financial institutions and banks have headquarters in Copenhagen, including [[Alm. Brand]], [[Danske Bank]], [[Nykredit]] and [[Nordea Bank Danmark]]. The [[Copenhagen Stock Exchange]] (CSE) was founded in 1620 and is now owned by [[Nasdaq, Inc.]] Copenhagen is also home to a number of international companies including [[Maersk|A.P. Møller-Mærsk]], [[Novo Nordisk]], [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] and [[Novozymes]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=18 April 2012|title=The World's Biggest Public Companies|url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/|magazine=[[Forbes]]|access-date=18 November 2013|archive-date=26 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326072633/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/|url-status=live}}</ref> City authorities have encouraged the development of [[business cluster]]s in several innovative sectors, which include information technology, [[biotechnology]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[clean technology]] and [[smart city]] solutions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen – Open for Business|url=http://www.neweuropeaneconomy.com/home-mainmenu-51/briefing-mainmenu-86/207-copenhagen--open-for-business|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131118140713/http://www.neweuropeaneconomy.com/home-mainmenu-51/briefing-mainmenu-86/207-copenhagen--open-for-business|archive-date=18 November 2013|access-date=18 November 2013|publisher=New European Economy|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 January 2016|title=Turning Denmark into a leader in Smart Cities|url=http://www.arup.com/news/2016_01_january/28_january_turning_denmark_into_a_leading_in|access-date=16 April 2016|website=arup.com|publisher=[[Arup Group]]|archive-date=15 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415005718/http://www.arup.com/news/2016_01_january/28_january_turning_denmark_into_a_leading_in|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Ferring Neroport Orestad 20100810 0179F (8370660268).jpg|thumb|Scandinavian headquarters for the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] pharmaceutical company [[Ferring Pharmaceuticals]]]]
[[Biology|Life science]] is a key sector with extensive [[research and development]] activities. [[Medicon Valley]] is a leading bi-national life sciences cluster in Europe, spanning the Øresund Region. Copenhagen is rich in companies and institutions with a focus on [[research and development]] within the field of biotechnology,<ref>{{cite web|title=Life Science in the Øresund Region|url=http://www.copcap.com/BusinessOpportunities/Life%20science/background|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112173601/http://www.copcap.com/BusinessOpportunities/Life%20science/background|archive-date=12 January 2014|access-date=23 January 2014|publisher=Copenhagen Capacity}}</ref> and the Medicon Valley initiative aims to strengthen this position and to promote cooperation between companies and academia. Many major Danish companies like Novo Nordisk and [[Lundbeck]], both of which are among the [[List of pharmaceutical companies|50 largest pharmaceutical and biotech companies in the world]], are located in this business cluster.<ref name="usatoday">{{cite web|date=19 May 2009|title=Copenhagen – Overview|url=https://www.usatoday.com/marketplace/ibi/copenhagen.htm|access-date=9 March 2013|website=USA Today|archive-date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511021059/http://www.usatoday.com/marketplace/ibi/copenhagen.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Shipping is another important sector with Maersk, the world's largest [[List of ship companies|shipping company]], having their world headquarters in Copenhagen. The city has an industrial harbour, [[Copenhagen Port]]. Following decades of stagnation, it has experienced a resurgence since 1990 following a merger with [[Malmö]] harbour. Both ports are operated by [[Copenhagen Malmö Port]] (CMP). The central location in the Øresund Region allows the ports to act as a hub for freight that is transported onward to the [[Baltic countries]]. CMP annually receives about 8,000 ships and handled some 148,000 [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen Malmö Port Annual Report 2012|url=http://annualreport2012.cmport.com/archive/files/19811/CMP%20Annual%20Report%202012.pdf.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017112214/http://annualreport2012.cmport.com/archive/files/19811/CMP%20Annual%20Report%202012.pdf.aspx|archive-date=17 October 2016|access-date=15 April 2016|publisher=Copenhagen Malmö Port}}</ref>

Copenhagen has some of the highest gross wages in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=World's richest cities|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest_cities.html|access-date=5 May 2009|publisher=City Mayors|archive-date=3 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903002415/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/richest_cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> High taxes mean that wages are reduced after mandatory deduction. A ''beneficial researcher scheme'' with low taxation of foreign specialists has made Denmark an attractive location for [[Immigration|foreign labour]]. It is, however, also among the most expensive cities in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|title=World's most expensive cities (EIU)|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities_eiu.html|access-date=5 May 2009|publisher=City Mayors|archive-date=16 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316150554/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities_eiu.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=World's most expensive cities – Ranking|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities2.html|access-date=5 May 2009|publisher=City Mayors|archive-date=17 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317005112/http://www.citymayors.com/economics/expensive_cities2.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Denmark's [[Flexicurity]] model features some of the most flexible hiring and firing legislation in Europe, providing attractive conditions for [[foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] and international companies looking to locate in Copenhagen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Reasons to invest in Greater Copenhagen|url=http://www.copcap.com/invest-in-greater-copenhagen/10-good-reasons|access-date=13 April 2016|publisher=Copenhagen Capacity|archive-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410161003/http://www.copcap.com/invest-in-greater-copenhagen/10-good-reasons|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Dansk Industri]]'s 2013 survey of employment factors in the ninety-six municipalities of Denmark, Copenhagen came in first place for educational qualifications and for the development of private companies in recent years, but fell to 86th place in local companies' assessment of the employment climate. The survey revealed considerable dissatisfaction in the level of dialogue companies enjoyed with the municipal authorities.<ref>{{cite web|date=4 September 2013|title=Pressemeddelelse: Københavns virksomheder efterlyser bedre erhvervsklima|url=http://di.dk/DI/Regionalt/Hovedstaden/Nyt%20fra%20DI%20Hovedstaden/Pages/PressemeddelelseKoebenhavnsvirksomhederefterlyserbedreerhvervsklima.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210160559/http://di.dk/DI/Regionalt/Hovedstaden/Nyt%20fra%20DI%20Hovedstaden/Pages/PressemeddelelseKoebenhavnsvirksomhederefterlyserbedreerhvervsklima.aspx|archive-date=10 December 2013|access-date=18 November 2013|publisher=Dansk Industri|language=da}}</ref>

===Tourism===
{{See also|Tourism in Denmark}}
Tourism is a major contributor to Copenhagen's economy, attracting visitors due to the city's harbour, cultural attractions and award-winning restaurants. Since 2009, Copenhagen has been one of the fastest growing metropolitan destinations in Europe.<ref name="tourismstats">{{cite web|title=Copenhagen – a city of growth|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/global-connected/copenhagen/copenhagen-city-growth|access-date=15 April 2016|publisher=Wonderful Copenhagen / Global Connected|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506155927/http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/global-connected/copenhagen/copenhagen-city-growth|url-status=live}}</ref> Hotel capacity in the city is growing significantly. From 2009 to 2013, it experienced a 42% growth in international bed nights (total number of nights spent by tourists), tallying a rise of nearly 70% for Chinese visitors.<ref name="tourismstats" /> The total number of bed nights in the Capital Region surpassed 9&nbsp;million in 2013, while international bed nights reached 5&nbsp;million.<ref name="tourismstats" />

In 2010, it is estimated that [[wikt:city break|city break]] tourism contributed to DKK 2&nbsp;billion in turnover. However, 2010 was an exceptional year for city break tourism and turnover increased with 29% in that one year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Copenhagen City Break Strategy 2012–2014|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.dk/sites/default/files/asp/visitcopenhagen/Corporate/PDF-filer/Analyser/Citybreak/strategi_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424010933/http://www.visitcopenhagen.dk/sites/default/files/asp/visitcopenhagen/Corporate/PDF-filer/Analyser/Citybreak/strategi_final.pdf|archive-date=24 April 2016|access-date=15 April 2016|publisher=VisitDenmark / Wonderful Copenhagen}}</ref> 680,000 cruise passengers visited the port in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press room|url=http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/cruise/copenhagen/press-room-1|access-date=15 April 2016|publisher=Cruise Copenhagen Network|archive-date=6 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506145911/http://www.visitcopenhagen.com/cruise/copenhagen/press-room-1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019 Copenhagen was ranked first among Lonely Planet's top ten cities to visit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hetter|first=Katia|date=22 October 2018|title=Lonely Planet's top 10 cities to visit in 2019|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/lonely-planet-top-10-cities-2019/index.html|access-date=17 December 2018|publisher=CNN|archive-date=17 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217170625/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/lonely-planet-top-10-cities-2019/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 2021, Copenhagen was shortlisted for the [[European Commission]]'s 2022 European Capital of Smart Tourism award along with [[Bordeaux]], [[Dublin]], [[Florence]], [[Ljubljana]], [[Palma de Mallorca]] and [[Valencia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners of the European Capitals of Smart Tourism 2022 competition|url=https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en|website=European Commission|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107212251/https://smart-tourism-capital.ec.europa.eu/cities/competition-winners-2022_en|url-status=live}}</ref>