Editing Confirmation bias (section)

=== Social psychology ===
Social psychologists have identified two tendencies in the way people seek or interpret information about themselves. ''[[Self-verification]]'' is the drive to reinforce the existing [[self-image]] and ''[[self-enhancement]]'' is the drive to seek positive feedback. Both are served by confirmation biases.<ref name="reconciling">{{Citation |last1=Swann |first1=William B. |first2=Brett W. |last2=Pelham |first3= Douglas S. |last3=Krull |title=Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |year=1989 |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=782–791 |issn=0022-3514 |pmid=2810025 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.782}}</ref> In experiments where people are given feedback that conflicts with their self-image, they are less likely to attend to it or remember it than when given self-verifying feedback.<ref name="swannread_jesp" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Story |first=Amber L. |title=Self-esteem and memory for favorable and unfavorable personality feedback |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |year=1998 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages= 51–64 |doi=10.1177/0146167298241004 |s2cid=144945319 |issn=1552-7433}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=White |first1=Michael J. |first2=Daniel R. |last2 =Brockett |first3=Belinda G. |last3=Overstreet |title=Confirmatory bias in evaluating personality test information: Am I really that kind of person? |journal=[[Journal of Counseling Psychology]] |year=1993 |volume= 40 |issue=1 |pages=120–126 |doi=10.1037/0022-0167.40.1.120 |issn=0022-0167}}</ref> They reduce the impact of such information by interpreting it as unreliable.<ref name="swannread_jesp">{{Citation |last1=Swann |first1=William B. |first2=Stephen J. |last2=Read |title=Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Social Psychology]] |year=1981 |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=351–372 |issn=0022-1031 |doi=10.1016/0022-1031(81)90043-3}}</ref><ref name="swannread_jpsp">{{Citation |last1=Swann |first1=William B. |first2=Stephen J. |last2=Read |title=Acquiring self-knowledge: The search for feedback that fits |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |year=1981 |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1119–1328 |issn=0022-3514 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1119|citeseerx=10.1.1.537.2324 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Shrauger |first1=J. Sidney |first2=Adrian K. |last2=Lund |title=Self-evaluation and reactions to evaluations from others |journal=[[Journal of Personality]] |year=1975 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pmid=1142062 |pages=94–108 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-6494.1975.tb00574.x }}</ref> Similar experiments have found a preference for positive feedback, and the people who give it, over negative feedback.<ref name="reconciling"/>