Editing Concrete (section)

=== Microbial ===
Bacteria such as ''[[Bacillus pasteurii]]'', ''[[Bacillus pseudofirmus]]'', ''Bacillus cohnii'', ''Sporosarcina pasteuri'', and ''[[Arthrobacter crystallopoietes]]'' increase the compression strength of concrete through their biomass. However some forms of bacteria can also be concrete-destroying.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Falkow |first1=Stanley |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Eugene |last3=Schleifer |first3=Karl-Heinz |last4=Stackebrandt |first4=Erko |title=The Prokaryotes: Vol. 2: Ecophysiology and Biochemistry |date=13 July 2006 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-387-25492-0 |page=1005 |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=kyAZ47ZrazkC|page=1005}} |language=en}}</ref>  Bacillus sp. CT-5. can reduce corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete by up to four times. ''Sporosarcina pasteurii'' reduces water and chloride permeability. ''B. pasteurii'' increases resistance to acid.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Metwally |first1=Gehad A. M. |last2=Mahdy |first2=Mohamed |last3=Abd El-Raheem |first3=Ahmed El-Raheem H. |title=Performance of Bio Concrete by Using Bacillus Pasteurii Bacteria |journal=Civil Engineering Journal |date=August 2020 |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=1443–1456 |doi=10.28991/cej-2020-03091559 |doi-access=free }}</ref>  ''[[Bacillus pasteurii]]'' and ''B. sphaericuscan'' induce calcium carbonate precipitation in the surface of cracks, adding compression strength.<ref name=raju>{{Cite book|last=Raju|first=N. Krishna|url={{google books |plainurl=y|id=41ekDwAAQBAJ|page=1131}}|title=Prestressed Concrete, 6e|date=2018|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-93-87886-25-4|page=1131}}</ref>