Editing Commuter rail (section)

====Southern Europe====
In [[Spain]], ''[[Cercanías]]'' networks exist in [[Cercanías Madrid|Madrid]], [[Cercanías Sevilla|Sevilla]], [[Cercanías Murcia/Alicante|Murcia/Alicante]], [[Cercanías San Sebastián|San Sebastián]], [[Cercanías Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Cercanías Valencia|Valencia]], [[Cercanías Asturias|Asturias]], Santander, [[Cercanías Zaragoza|Zaragoza]], [[Cercanías Bilbao|Bilbao]] and [[Cercanías Málaga|Málaga]]. All these systems include underground sections in the city centre. There is also a network of [[Metre-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] [[Renfe Feve|commuter systems]] in North Spain and Murcia.
[[File:Cercanías Madrid Atocha 2008.jpg|thumb|Atocha is the main station in Spain mainly due to the Cercanías.]]
[[Cercanías Madrid]] is one of the most important train services in the country, more than 900,000 passengers move in the system. It has underground stations in Madrid like [[Recoletos Station|Recoletos]], [[Sol (Madrid Metro)|Sol]] or [[Nuevos Ministerios (Madrid Metro)|Nuevos Ministerios]] and in the [[Madrid metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] in cities like [[Parla]] or [[Getafe]].

[[File:Trens de Rodalies Renfe a l'Estació de França.jpg|thumb|[[Rodalies de Catalunya|Rodalies]] [[Renfe]] trains in [[Barcelona França railway station|Estació de França]], [[Barcelona]]|221x221px]]
[[File:FGC 211.03 i 213.34.jpg|thumb|Trains in circulation on the [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya|FGC]] [[Llobregat–Anoia Line|Llobregat-Anoia line]] in 2009]]

In the [[Autonomous communities of Spain|autonomous community]] of [[Catalonia]], and unlike the rest of Spain, the commuter service is not managed by [[Renfe Operadora]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-09 |title=¿De quién depende qué en Rodalies Renfe? |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160209/302025314403/competencias-rodalies-renfe.html |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es}}</ref> Since 2010, the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Government of Catalonia]] has managed all the regular commuter services with the "transfer of ''Rodalies''".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-29 |title=Generalitat i Govern central signen el traspàs del servei de Rodalies |url=https://beteve.cat/mobilitat/generalitat-i-govern-central-signen-avui-el-traspas-del-servei-de-rodalies/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=beteve.cat |language=ca}}</ref> There are two companies that manage the Catalan commuter network:

* [[Rodalies de Catalunya]], which after the transfer at the beginning of 2010 when, due to the "[[Catalan rail chaos]]" of 2007,<ref>{{Cite web |title=La protesta contra el caos ferroviari aplega mil manifestants |url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticia/2608414/20071029/protesta-caos-ferroviari-aplega-mil-manifestants/secure.html |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=VilaWeb |language=ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=324cat |date=2007-11-05 |title=El cost del 'caos ferroviari' per les obres del TGV supera els 175 milions d'euros |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/el-cost-del-caos-ferroviari-per-les-obres-del-tgv-supera-els-175-milions-deuros/noticia/226930/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=CCMA |language=ca}}</ref> the [[Government of Spain|Spanish government]] promised to transfer the Renfe commuter service to the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Generalitat]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=324cat |date=2007-07-03 |title=Zapatero traspassarà Rodalies a Catalunya i ajudarà les famílies amb 2.500 euros per fill |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/zapatero-traspassara-rodalies-a-catalunya-i-ajudara-les-families-amb-2-500-euros-per-fill/noticia/203369/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=CCMA |language=ca}}</ref> although it does not deal with the entire service; After the transfer, responsibilities for the commuter trains were divided into three parts: the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Generalitat]] (management, regulation, planning, coordination and inspection of services and activities and power to charge), [[Renfe Operadora|Renfe]] (train operator and its maintenance), and [[Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias|Adif]] (owner of the railway infrastructure).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Què són Rodalies de Catalunya |url=http://rodalies.gencat.cat/ca/sobre-rodalies/que-son-rodalies-de-catalunya/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Rodalies de Catalunya |language=ca-ES}}</ref> Lines R1, R2, R2 Nord, R2 Sud, R3 (to [[Sant Quirze de Besora]], from there to [[Puigcerdà]] or [[Latour-de-Carol-Enveitg station|La Tor de Querol]] it is considered a regional route), R4, R7 and R8 run through Rodalies de Catalunya, all on [[Iberian-gauge railways|Iberian gauge]] (1668 mm).

* [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya]] (FGC) is the railway company responsible for the [[Barcelona–Vallès Line|Vallès]], [[Llobregat–Anoia Line|Llobregat-Anoia]] and [[Lleida–La Pobla Line|Lleida-La Pobla de Segur]] lines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=APP |first=Descarga nuestra |title=Lines |url=https://www.fgc.cat/en/lines-and-schedule/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya |language=en-US}}</ref> This company is mainly in charge of metro and suburban lines, although it also has five commuter lines spread over two lines, four on the Llobregat-Anoia line (R5, R50, R6, R60) on [[Metre-gauge railway|metre-gauge]] (1000 mm)<ref>{{Cite web |last=APP |first=Descarga nuestra |title=Línia Llobregat-Anoia |url=https://www.fgc.cat/en/fgc-network/l-llobregat-anoia/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya |language=en-US}}</ref> and a single line on the Lleida-La Pobla de Segur line (RL1) on [[Iberian-gauge railways|Iberian gauge]] (1668 mm).<ref>{{Cite web |last=APP |first=Descarga nuestra |title=Line Lleida-La Pobla |url=https://www.fgc.cat/en/fgc-network/linea-lleida-la-pobla/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya |language=en-US}}</ref> FGC is in charge of the entire service, unlike Rodalies de Catalunya, which is not in charge of either the trains or the infrastructure. 
Since 2024, the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Government of Catalonia]] has full control of the current [[R12 (Rodalies de Catalunya)|R12]] regional line and it is now owned by the [[Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya|FGC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=324cat |date=2021-10-19 |title=Renfe perd Rodalies de Lleida, que gestionarà FGC a partir del 2024 |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/renfe-perd-rodalies-de-lleida-que-gestionara-fgc-a-partir-del-2024/noticia/3124745/ |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=CCMA |language=ca}}</ref> It will eliminate the current line and replace it with the new commuter lines RL3 and RL4, towards [[Cervera]] and [[Manresa]] from [[Lleida]] respectively.

[[File:Milano staz Porta Venezia TSR linea S6.JPG|thumb|A [[Treno Servizio Regionale|TSR train at Milano Porta Venezia railway station]] on the [[Milan Passerby Railway|Milan Passerby railway, Italy]]]]
[[File:I08 119 Bf Napoli Garibaldi, ETR 211.jpg|thumb|A Metrostar train at [[Napoli Garibaldi railway station]] on the [[Circumvesuviana]] railway network]]
In Italy fifteen cities have commuter rail systems:
* [[Bari]] ([[Bari metropolitan railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Bologna]] ([[Bologna metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Cagliari]], 1 line
* [[Catanzaro]], 2 lines
* [[Genoa]] ([[Genoa urban railway service]], 3 lines)
* [[Messina]], 1 line
* [[Milan]] ([[Milan suburban railway service]], 12 lines)
* [[Naples]], 8 lines
* [[Palermo]] ([[Palermo metropolitan railway service]], 2 lines)
* [[Perugia]], 1 line
* [[Potenza]], 1 line
* [[Reggio Calabria]], 1 line
* [[Rome]] ([[FL lines]], 8 lines)
* [[Salerno]] ([[Salerno metropolitan railway service]], 1 line)
* [[Turin]] ([[Turin metropolitan railway service]], 8 lines)
* [[Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia]] connects [[Canton Ticino]], [[Switzerland]], and [[Italy]], reaching [[Lombardy|Lombard]] cities like [[Como]] and [[Varese]] and the [[Milan Malpensa Airport]].