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=== Personal responsibility === A study conducted by Cooper and Worchel (1970) examined personal responsibility regarding cognitive dissonance.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Moore |first1=Sean |last2=Sinclair |first2=Robert |date=2006 |title=Incidental happy and sad moods and cognitive dissonance reduction: Attitude change depends on the perceived informativeness of the mood source |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/e633962013-306 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=PsycEXTRA Dataset|doi=10.1037/e633962013-306 }}</ref> The goal was to investigate responsibility concerning foreseen consequences and how this might cause dissonance; 124 female participants were asked to complete problem-solving tasks while working with a partner.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Joel |date=June 1971 |title=Personal responsibility and dissonance: The role of foreseen consequences. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/h0030995 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |language=en |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=354β363 |doi=10.1037/h0030995 |issn=1939-1315}}</ref> They had the option to either choose a partner with negative traits, or they were assigned one. A portion of the participants was aware of the negative traits their partner possessed; however, the remaining participants were unaware. Cooper hypothesized that if the participants knew about their negative partner beforehand, they would have cognitive dissonance; however, he also believed that the participants would be inclined to attempt to like their partners in an attempt to reduce this dissonance.<ref name=":12" /> The study shows that personal choice has the power to predict attitude changes.<ref name=":02" />
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