Editing Chloramphenicol (section)

====Intravenous====
The [[intravenous]] (IV) preparation of chloramphenicol is the succinate ester. This creates a problem: Chloramphenicol succinate ester is an inactive [[prodrug]] and must first be hydrolysed to chloramphenicol; however, the hydrolysis process is often incomplete, and 30% of the dose is lost and removed in the urine. Serum concentrations of IV chloramphenicol are only 70% of those achieved when chloramphenicol is given orally.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Glazko AJ, Dill WA, Kinkel AW | title = Absorption and excretion of parenteral doses of chloramphenicol sodium succinate in comparison with per oral doses of chloramphenicol (abstract) | journal = Clinical Pharmacological Therapy | year = 1977 | volume = 21 | pages = 104 }}</ref> For this reason, the dose needs to be increased to 75&nbsp;mg/kg/day when administered IV to achieve levels equivalent to the oral dose.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bhutta ZA, Niazi SK, Suria A | title = Chloramphenicol clearance in typhoid fever: implications for therapy | journal = Indian Journal of Pediatrics | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | pages = 213–219 | date = March–April 1992 | pmid = 1398851 | doi = 10.1007/BF02759987 | s2cid = 13369284 }}</ref>