Editing Child (section)

== Issues ==

===Emergencies and conflicts===
{{See also|Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict|Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Save the Children|Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies|Military use of children|Trafficking of children|International child abduction|Refugee children}}
Emergencies and conflicts pose detrimental risks to the [[Child Health|health]], safety, and well-being of children. There are many different kinds of conflicts and emergencies, e.g. [[war]]s and [[natural disaster]]s. As of 2010 approximately 13 million children are displaced by [[armed conflicts]] and [[violence]] around the world.<ref name="UNICEF_2010">{{cite book | author = UNICEF | date = 2010 | title = The State of the World's Children Report, Special Edition | url = http://crianca.mppr.mp.br/arquivos/File/publi/unicef_sowc/sit_mund_inf_2010_ed_especial_tabelas.pdf | location = New York | publisher = UNICEF | isbn =  978-92-806-4445-6 }}</ref> Where violent conflicts are the norm, the lives of young children are significantly disrupted and their families have great difficulty in offering the sensitive and consistent care that young children need for their healthy development.<ref name="UNICEF_2010" /> Studies on the effect of emergencies and conflict on the [[Physical health|physical]] and [[mental health]] of children between birth and 8 years old show that where the disaster is natural, the rate of [[Posttraumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] occurs in anywhere from 3 to 87 percent of affected children.<ref name="Shannon_1994">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shannon MP, Lonigan CJ, Finch AJ, Taylor CM | title = Children exposed to disaster: I. Epidemiology of post-traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 80–93 | date = January 1994 | pmid = 8138525 | doi = 10.1097/00004583-199401000-00012 }}</ref> However, rates of PTSD for children living in chronic conflict conditions varies from 15 to 50 percent.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = De Jong JT | date = 2002 | title = Trauma, War, and Violence: Public Mental Health in Socio Cultural Context | location = New York | publisher = Kluwer | isbn = 978-0-306-47675-4 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |url= http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002335/233558E.pdf |title=Investing against Evidence: The Global State of Early Childhood Care and Education| vauthors = Marope PT, Kaga Y |publisher=Paris: UNESCO |year=2015 |isbn=978-92-3-100113-0 |pages=118–125}}</ref>

=== Child protection ===
{{Excerpt|Child protection}}

=== Child abuse and child labor ===
Protection of children from [[child abuse|abuse]] is considered an important contemporary goal. This includes protecting children from exploitation such as [[child labor]], [[child trafficking]] and [[child selling]], [[child sexual abuse]], including [[child prostitution]] and [[child pornography]], [[military use of children]], and [[child laundering]] in illegal [[adoption]]s. There exist several international instruments for these purposes, such as:
* [[Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention]]
* [[Minimum Age Convention, 1973]]
* [[Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography]]
* [[Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse]]
* [[Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict]]
* [[Hague Adoption Convention]]

=== Climate change ===
{{Excerpt|Climate change and children}}