Editing Charleston, South Carolina (section)

===Music===
{{main|Music in Charleston}}

The [[Gullah]] community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of [[jazz]] music. In turn, Charleston's music has influenced the rest of the country. The [[geechee]] dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired [[Eubie Blake]]'s "Charleston Rag" and later [[James P. Johnson]]'s "[[Charleston (1923 song)|Charleston]]", as well as the [[Charleston (dance)|dance craze]] that defined a nation in the 1920s. "[[Ballin' the Jack]]", which was a popular dance in the years before "Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian [[Chris Smith (composer)|Chris Smith]].<ref>{{cite book |last=McCray |first=Jack |title=Charleston Jazz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hsWQcCvUTkC&pg=PA25 |date=June 6, 2007 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-4350-5 |pages=11, 12 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-date=January 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116202512/https://books.google.com/books?id=5hsWQcCvUTkC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Jenkins Orphanage]] was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments, and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on various instruments and could read music expertly.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCray |first=Jack |title=Charleston Jazz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hsWQcCvUTkC&pg=PA25 |date=June 6, 2007 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-4350-5 |page=27 |access-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-date=January 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116202512/https://books.google.com/books?id=5hsWQcCvUTkC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}</ref> These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. [[Cat Anderson|William "Cat" Anderson]], [[Jabbo Smith]], and [[Freddie Green]] are but a few of the alumni who became professional musicians. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jenkins Orphanage Band - Charleston, South Carolina |url=https://www.sciway.net/south-carolina/jenkins-orphanage.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.sciway.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://jenkinsinstitute.org/index.php/our-history |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=jenkinsinstitute.org |archive-date=November 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106192650/https://jenkinsinstitute.org/index.php/our-history |url-status=dead }}</ref>

As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[William Howard Taft|William Taft]] and toured the US and Europe.<ref>Edgar, Walter. ''South Carolina Encyclopedia'' (2006) pp. 590–591, {{ISBN|1-57003-598-9}}</ref> The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by [[DuBose Heyward|DuBose]] and [[Dorothy Heyward]], a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the genuine Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage.<ref name="Hubbert">{{cite web |last=Hubbert |first=Julie |title=Jenkins Orphanage |url=http://www.sc.edu/orphanfilm/orphanage/symposia/scholarship/hubbert/jenkins-orphanage.html/ |access-date=February 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929081937/http://www.sc.edu/orphanfilm/orphanage/symposia/scholarship/hubbert/jenkins-orphanage.html |archive-date=September 29, 2012 }}</ref> Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with [[George Gershwin|George]] and [[Ira Gershwin]] to turn his novel into the now famous opera, ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' (so named to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at [[Folly Beach]] outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' is considered one of the first Great American Operas and is widely performed.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Porgy and Bess," the first great American opera, premieres on Broadway |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/porgy-and-bess-the-first-great-american-opera-premieres-on-broadway |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Erb |first=Jane |title=Porgy and Bess (1934) |url=http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/gershwin/porgy&bess.php |access-date=February 19, 2013 |archive-date=January 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131112657/http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/works/gershwin/porgy%26bess.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

To this day, Charleston is home to many musicians in all genres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charleston SC Music: Full Guide to Symphonies, Bands, Singers, and Musicians |url=https://www.sciway.net/sc-bands/charleston-bands.html |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.sciway.net}}</ref> For example, [[Heyrocco]] is a local indie band.