Editing Carolingian Empire (section)

=== Capitularies ===
[[Capitularies]] were the written records of decisions made by the Carolingian kings in consultation with assemblies during the eighth and ninth century.{{Sfn|Story|2005}} The name comes from the Latin ''<nowiki/>'Capitula'<nowiki/>'' for ''<nowiki/>'Chapters''' and refers to the way these records were taken and written up, in a chapter by chapter style. They are regarded as being 'amongst the most important sources for the governance of the Frankish Empire in the eight and ninth century' by Sören Kaschke.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kaschke |first1=Sören |last2=Mischke |first2=Britta |date=2019 |title=Capitularies in the Carolingian Period |journal=History Compass |language=en |volume=17 |issue=10 |doi=10.1111/hic3.12592 |s2cid=203080653 |issn=1478-0542}}</ref> The use of capitularies represent a change in the pattern of contact between the king and his provinces in the Carolingian period. The contents of capitularies could include a wide range of topics, including royal orders, instructions for specific officials, deliberations of assemblies on both secular and ecclesiastical affairs as well as additions and alterations to the law.

Primary evidence shows that capitularies were copied and disseminated all throughout Charlemagne's empire, however there is insufficient evidence to suggest the efficacy of the capitularies and whether they were actually put into practice throughout the realm. As Charlemagne became increasingly stationary, the amount of capitularies produced increased, this was particularly noticeable after the General Admonition of 789.

There has been debates over the purpose of capitularies. Some historians argue that the capitularies were nothing more than a 'royal wish-list' while others argue for capitularies representing the basis of a centralised state.{{Sfn|Story|2005}} Capitularies were implemented through the use of the '''[[Missus dominicus|missi']],'' royal agents who would travel around the Carolingian kingdom, usually in pairs of a secular missi and ecclesiastical missi, reading out copied out versions of the latest capitularies to assemblies of people. The missi also had other roles such as handling complex local disputes and can be argued to have been crucial to the success of both capitularies and the expansion of Charlemagne's influence.

Some notable capitularies from Charlemagne's reign are:
* The Capitulary of Herstal of 779: Dealt with both ecclesiastical and secular topics, placing importance on the importance of paying [[Tithe]]s, the role of the Bishop and outlining the intolerance of forming an armed following in Charlemagne's empire.
* ''[[Admonitio Generalis]]'' of 789: One of the most influential Capitularies of Charlemagne's time. Consisted of over 80 chapters, including many laws on religion.
* The Capitulary of Frankfurt of 794: Speaks out against adoptionism and iconoclasm.
* The Programmatic Capitulary of 802. This shows an increasing sense of vision in society.
* The [[Capitulary for the Jews]] of 814, delineating the prohibitions of Jews engaging in commerce or money-lending.