Editing Calf (animal) (section)

===== Complications =====
Human intervention during calving can result in various complications. First, the traction applied to the calf can cause injuries to the cow's genital tract.<ref name=":33"/> Additionally, the calf's anterior part can progress as far as the thorax while the posterior part remains stuck—a condition known as incarcerated calf. The calf's survival is compromised in this situation because of pressure on its umbilical cord. If the anterior part of the calf is delivered without difficulty, the calf can typically survive for 5 to 7 minutes in this state. If the anterior part's extraction is challenging, the calf is less likely to survive incarceration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guin |first=B |date=2002 |title=L'extraction forcée contrôlée chez la vache |trans-title=Controlled forced extraction in cows |journal=Point Vétérinaire |language=fr |volume=223 |pages=38–40}}</ref>