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Caenorhabditis elegans
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=== Spaceflight research === ''C. elegans'' made news when specimens were discovered to have survived the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]] in February 2003.<ref> {{cite news |date=1 May 2003 |title=Worms survived Columbia disaster |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2992123.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=2008-07-11 }}</ref> Later, in January 2009, live samples of ''C. elegans'' from the [[University of Nottingham]] were announced to be spending two weeks on the [[International Space Station]] that October, in a [[space research]] project to explore the effects of [[zero gravity]] on muscle development and physiology. The research was primarily about genetic basis of [[muscle atrophy]], which relates to [[spaceflight]] or being bed-ridden, [[geriatric]], or [[diabetic]].<ref> {{cite news |date=17 January 2009 |title=University sends worms into space |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/nottinghamshire/7835020.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=2009-07-09 }}</ref> Descendants of the worms aboard Columbia in 2003 were launched into space on [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] for the [[STS-134]] mission.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Klotz |first1=I |date=16 May 2011 |title=Legacy Space Worms Flying on Shuttle |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/legacy-space-worms-flying-on-shuttle-110516.html |work=[[Discovery News]] |access-date=2011-05-17 |archive-date=2012-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616014937/http://news.discovery.com/space/legacy-space-worms-flying-on-shuttle-110516.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Additional experiments on muscle dystrophy during spaceflight were carried on board the ISS starting in 2018.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Soni |first1=Purushottam |last2=Anupom |first2=Taslim |last3=Lesanpezeshki |first3=Leila |last4=Rahman |first4=Mizanur |last5=Hewitt |first5=Jennifer E. |last6=Vellone |first6=Matthew |last7=Stodieck |first7=Louis |last8=Blawzdziewicz |first8=Jerzy |last9=Szewczyk |first9=Nathaniel J. |last10=Vanapalli |first10=Siva A. |date=2022-11-07 |title=Microfluidics-integrated spaceflight hardware for measuring muscle strength of Caenorhabditis elegans on the International Space Station |journal=npj Microgravity |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=50 |doi=10.1038/s41526-022-00241-4 |issn=2373-8065 |pmc=9640571 |pmid=36344513|bibcode=2022npjMG...8...50S }}</ref> It was shown that the genes affecting muscles attachment were expressed less in space. However, it has yet to be seen if this affects muscle strength.
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