Editing Bristol (section)

=== Arts ===
[[File:Coopers' Hall front.jpg|thumb|alt=An imposing eighteenth-century building with three entrance archways, large first-floor windows and an ornate peaked gable end above.|The Coopers Hall, entrance to the Bristol Old Vic Theatre Royal complex]]
[[File:Bristol pw from ms.jpg|thumb|alt=A long two-storey building with 4 cranes in front on the quayside. Two tugboats are moored at the quay.|Site of the former [[Bristol Industrial Museum]], now the [[M Shed]]]]

Bristol has a thriving arts scene. Some of the modern venues and modern digital production companies have merged with legacy production companies based in old buildings around the city. In 2008 the city was a finalist for the 2008 [[European Capital of Culture]], although the title was awarded to Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Cities Make Short List For European Capital of Culture 2008 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2877.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512155845/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2877.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2010 |access-date=12 June 2011 |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport}}</ref> The city was designated "City of Film" by [[UNESCO]] in 2017 and has been a member of the [[Creative Cities Network]] since then.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=Bristol announced as a UNESCO City of Film |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/vision-institute/news/2017/bristol-announced-as-a-unesco-city-of-film-.html |website=Bristol Vision Institute |publisher=University of Bristol |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816064813/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/vision-institute/news/2017/bristol-announced-as-a-unesco-city-of-film-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Bristol Old Vic]], founded in 1946 as an offshoot of [[The Old Vic]] in London, occupies the 1766 Theatre Royal (607 seats) on [[King Street, Bristol|King Street]]; the 150-seat New Vic (a studio-type theatre), and a foyer and bar in the adjacent Coopers' Hall (built in 1743). The Theatre Royal, a grade I [[listed building]],<ref>{{NHLE |num=1209703 |desc=The Theatre Royal |access-date=27 August 2015 |fewer-links=yes }}</ref><ref name="gradei">{{Cite web |title=Grade I Listed Buildings in Bristol |url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/sites/default/files/assets/documents/grade-1-listed-buildings-in-bristol.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110140244/http://www.bristol.gov.uk/sites/default/files/assets/documents/grade-1-listed-buildings-in-bristol.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2012 |access-date=27 January 2013 |publisher=Bristol City Council}}</ref> is the oldest continuously operating theatre in England.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rowe |first=Mark |date=27 March 2005 |title=England special: In the footsteps of Bristol's slave traders |work=The Independent on Sunday archived at [[Nexis]] |publisher=Independent News and Media |format=fee required |url=http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7005863589&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7005863592&cisb=22_T7005863591&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8200&docNo=6 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515185353/http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7005863589&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7005863592&cisb=22_T7005863591&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8200&docNo=6 |archive-date=15 May 2011}}</ref> The [[Bristol Old Vic Theatre School]] (which originated in King Street) is a separate company, and the [[Bristol Hippodrome]] is a 1,951-seat theatre for national touring productions. Other smaller theatres include the [[Tobacco Factory]], [[Queen Elizabeth's Hospital|QEH]], the Redgrave Theatre at [[Clifton College]], The Wardrobe Theatre, Bristol Improv Theatre, and the Alma Theatre. Bristol's theatre scene features several companies as well as the Old Vic, including [[Show of Strength Theatre Company|Show of Strength]], [[Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory]] and Travelling Light. Theatre Bristol is a partnership between the city council, [[Arts Council England]] and local residents to develop the city's theatre industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://theatrebristol.net/about |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517071121/http://www.theatrebristol.net/about/ |archive-date=17 May 2008 |access-date=8 May 2008 |publisher=Theatre Bristol}}</ref> Several organisations support Bristol theatre; the Residence (an artist-led community) provides office, social and rehearsal space for theatre and performance companies,<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2013 |title=About |url=http://residence.org.uk/about/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317033730/http://residence.org.uk/about/about/ |archive-date=17 March 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Residence}}</ref> and [[Equity (trade union)|Equity]] has a branch in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bristol and West General Branch |url=http://www.equity.org.uk/branches/?branchid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505063932/http://www.equity.org.uk/branches/?branchid=37 |archive-date=5 May 2008 |access-date=8 May 2008 |publisher=Equity}}</ref>

[[File:Banksy-ps2.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A painting on a building showing a naked man hanging by one hand from a window sill. A man in a suit looks out of the window, shading his eyes with his right hand, behind him stands a woman in her underwear.|''[[Well Hung Lover]]'', one of many [[Banksy]] artworks in the city, which has since been vandalised with blue paint (partially cleaned by the city council)]]
The city has many venues for live music, its largest the 2,000-seat [[Bristol Beacon]], previously Colston Hall, named after [[Edward Colston]]. Others include the [[O2 Academy Bristol|Bristol Academy]], [[Wool Hall, Bristol|The Fleece]], [[The Croft (music venue)|The Croft]], the Exchange, Fiddlers, the [[Victoria Rooms, Bristol|Victoria Rooms]], Rough Trade, [[Trinity Centre]], [[St George's Bristol]] and several pubs, from the jazz-oriented [[The Old Duke]] to rock at the Fleece and [[independent music|indie]] bands at the Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reid |first=Melanie |date=18 July 2007 |title=A student's guide to&nbsp;... University of Bristol |work=The Times |location=UK |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/student/article2097881.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2 |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606070653/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/student/article2097881.ece?token=null&offset=12&page=2 |archive-date=6 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bristol's music scene |url=http://www.discoveringbristol.org.uk/slavery/after-slavery/effects-on-bristol/cultural-contributions/music-scene/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105084648/http://www.discoveringbristol.org.uk/slavery/after-slavery/effects-on-bristol/cultural-contributions/music-scene/ |archive-date=5 January 2017 |access-date=4 January 2017 |publisher=PortCities Bristol}}</ref> In 2010 [[PRS for Music]] called Bristol the UK's most musical city, based on the number of its members born there relative to the city's population.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2010 |title=Bristol is Britain's 'most musical city' |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_8563000/8563916.stm |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316060143/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_8563000/8563916.stm |archive-date=16 March 2010}}</ref>

Since the late 1970s Bristol has been home to bands combining [[Punk rock|punk]], [[Funk rock|funk]], [[Dub music|dub]] and [[political consciousness]]. With [[trip hop]] and [[Bristol Sound]] artists such as [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |title=Tricky > Overview |url={{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p132766|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=15 March 2009 |publisher=All Music}}</ref> [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |title=Portishead > Biography |url={{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p45223|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=15 March 2009 |publisher=All Music}}</ref> and [[Massive Attack]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankeny |first=Jason |title=Massive Attack > Biography |url={{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p13625|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=15 March 2009 |publisher=All Music}}</ref> the [[list of bands from Bristol]] is extensive. The city is a stronghold of [[drum and bass]], with artists such as [[Roni Size]]'s [[Mercury Prize]]-winning [[Reprazent]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sean |title=Roni Size > Biography |url={{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p199290|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=15 March 2009 |publisher=All Music}}</ref> as [[DJ Krust]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bush |first=John |title=Krust > Overview |url={{AllMusic |class=artist |id=p199939|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=15 March 2009 |publisher=All Music}}</ref> [[More Rockers]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prato |first=Greg |title=More Rockers > Overview |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021119052725/http://www.allmusic.com/cg/AMG.dll |archive-date=19 November 2002 |access-date=15 March 2009 |url-status=dead |publisher=All Music}}</ref> and [[TC (musician)|TC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=TC – New Songs, Playlists & Latest News – BBC Music |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/32a509d0-6c4c-43c9-b169-03b601367dbd |access-date=26 September 2017 |website=BBC}}</ref> Musicians were at the centre of the broader Bristol urban-culture scene which received international media attention during the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blagging and Boasting |url=http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/06.18.98/bristol-9824.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612165116/http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/06.18.98/bristol-9824.html |archive-date=12 June 2011 |access-date=16 June 2011 |website=Metroactive Music |publisher=Metro Publishing Inc}}</ref> [[The Downs Festival]] is also a yearly occurrence where both local and well-known bands play. Since its inception in 2016, it has become a major event in the city.

The [[Bristol Museum and Art Gallery]] houses a collection encompassing [[natural history]], archaeology, local glassware, [[Chinese ceramics]] and art. The [[M Shed]] museum opened in 2011 on the site of the former [[Bristol Industrial Museum]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 June 2011 |title=Bristol's £27&nbsp;m M Shed museum opens |publisher=BBC News Bristol |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-13792531 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828193540/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-13792531 |archive-date=28 August 2011}}</ref> Both are operated by Bristol Culture and Creative Industries, which also runs three historic houses{{nsmdns}}the [[Red Lodge Museum, Bristol|Tudor Red Lodge]], the [[Georgian House, Bristol|Georgian House]] and [[Blaise Castle House]]; and [[Bristol Archives]].<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Bristol City Council: Museums and galleries |url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401183740/http://www.bristol.gov.uk/page/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries |archive-date=1 April 2013 |access-date=25 July 2013 |publisher=Bristol City Council}}</ref> The 18th- and 19th-century portrait painter [[Thomas Lawrence]], 19th-century architect [[Francis Greenway]] (designer of many of Sydney's first buildings) were born in the city. The [[graffiti]] artist [[Banksy]] is believed to be from Bristol, and many of his works are on display in the city.

[[File:Wallace&GromitModels2019.jpg|thumb|Clay models of [[Wallace and Gromit]] on display at St. Georges, Bristol]]
The [[Watershed Media Centre]] and [[Arnolfini gallery]] (both in dockside warehouses) exhibit contemporary art, photography and cinema, and the city's oldest gallery is at the [[Royal West of England Academy]] in Clifton.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=A Short History of the RWA |url=http://www.rwa.org.uk/histfrm.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064532/http://www.rwa.org.uk/histfrm.htm <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archive-date=16 July 2011 |access-date=21 July 2011 |publisher=Royal West of England Academy}}</ref> The nomadic [[Antlers Gallery]] opened in 2010, moving into empty spaces on [[Park Street, Bristol|Park Street]], on [[Whiteladies Road]] and in the Purifier House on Bristol's Harbourside.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Antlers gallery takes over Purifier House on Bristol Harbourside |work=Bristol Post |url=http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Antlers-takes-harbour-gas-works/story-20838315-detail/story.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021457/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Antlers-takes-harbour-gas-works/story-20838315-detail/story.html |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> [[Stop-motion]] animation films and commercials (produced by [[Aardman Animations]]) are made in Bristol, such as ''[[Wallace and Gromit]]'' and ''[[Chicken Run]]'', while Aardman has also branched out into computer-animation, such as ''[[Arthur Christmas]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aardman Animations Biography |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/530232/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202150949/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/530232/index.html |archive-date=2 December 2008 |access-date=7 March 2009 |publisher=Screen Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First Look: Director Sarah Smith Talks Aardman's Arthur Christmas: Exclusive Photos |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/first-look-director-sarah-smith-talks-aardmans-arthur-christmas-exclusive-photos-184422/ |access-date=8 December 2023 |work=Indie Wire}}</ref> [[Robert Newton]], [[Bobby Driscoll]] and other cast members of the 1950 [[Walt Disney]] film ''[[Treasure Island (1950 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (some scenes were filmed along the [[Bristol Harbour|harbourside]]) visited the city along with Disney himself. Bristol is home to the [[Broadcasting House, Bristol|regional headquarters]] of [[BBC West]] and the [[BBC Natural History Unit]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=Gail |year=1998 |title=Networks of nature: Stories of Natural History Film-Making from the BBC |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/5188/1/5188.pdf |url-status=live |journal=UCL ePrints |pages=11–15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906093640/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/5188/1/5188.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2015 |access-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> Locations in and around Bristol have featured in the BBC's natural-history programmes, including ''[[Animal Magic (TV series)|Animal Magic]]'' (filmed at [[Bristol Zoo]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Johnny |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/classic/animalmagic/johnny.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410230219/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/classic/animalmagic/johnny.shtml |archive-date=10 April 2016 |access-date=29 March 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>

Bristol is the birthplace of 18th-century poets [[Robert Southey]]<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Southey, Robert (1774–1843) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26056 |publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |access-date=18 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206005850/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26056 |archive-date= 6 February 2016 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/26056 |year=2004}}</ref> and [[Thomas Chatterton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatterton&nbsp;– Bristol's boy poet |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/features/2002/09/04/chatterton.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108200617/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/features/2002/09/04/chatterton.shtml |archive-date=8 January 2009 |access-date=20 December 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Southey (born on [[Wine Street, Bristol|Wine Street]] in 1774) and his friend, [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], married the Fricker sisters from the city.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Webb |first=Samantha |year=2006 |title='Not so pleasant to the taste': Coleridge in Bristol during the mixed bread campaign of 1795 |journal=Romanticism |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=5–14 |doi=10.1353/rom.2006.0009 |doi-access=free|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/199849/pdf }}</ref> [[William Wordsworth]] spent time in Bristol,{{sfn|Newlyn|2001|p=7}} where [[Joseph Cottle]] published ''[[Lyrical Ballads]]'' in 1798. Actor [[Cary Grant]] was born in Bristol, and comedians from the city include [[Justin Lee Collins]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morris |first=Sophie |date=11 December 2006 |title=Justin Lee Collins: My Life in Media |work=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/justin-lee-collins-my-life-in-media-427936.html |access-date=7 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701203012/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/justin-lee-collins-my-life-in-media-427936.html |archive-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> [[Lee Evans (comedian)|Lee Evans]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lee Evans – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0262968/bio/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Russell Howard]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cavendish |first=Dominic |date=1 March 2008 |title=Russell Howard: Russell who is not a brand |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/comedy/3671535/Russell-Howard-Russell-who-isnt-a-brand.html |url-status=dead |access-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516015828/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/comedy/3671535/Russell-Howard-Russell-who-isnt-a-brand.html |archive-date=16 May 2012 |issn=0307-1235 |oclc=49632006}}</ref> and writer-comedian [[Stephen Merchant]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellen |first=Barbara |date=5 November 2006 |title=Barbara Ellen meets the 6&nbsp;ft&nbsp;7in comedy giant Stephen Merchant |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2006/nov/05/comedy.television1 |url-status=live |access-date=7 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205040424/http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2006/nov/05/comedy.television1 |archive-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>

The author [[John Betjeman]] wrote a poem called "Bristol".<ref name="JB_1">{{Cite web |last=J. Betjeman |date=3 July 2009 |title=Poem: Bristol by John Betjeman |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/bristol/hi/people_and_places/arts_and_culture/newsid_8118000/8118365.stm |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> It begins:
{{Poem quote|text=
Green upon the flooded Avon shone the after-storm-wet-sky,
Quick the struggling withy branches let the leaves of autumn fly,
And a star shone over Bristol, wonderfully far and high.
|sign = John Betjeman
|title = Bristol}}