Editing Brazil (section)

=== Energy ===
{{Main|Energy in Brazil}}
[[File:Itaipu geral.jpg|thumb|The [[Itaipu Dam]] on the [[Paraná River]], the second largest of the world. [[Energy policy of Brazil|Brazilian energy matrix]] is one of the [[Clean energy|cleanest]] in the world]]
[[File:Energia Eolica.jpg|thumb|[[Wind farm]] in [[Parnaíba]], [[Piauí]]. Brazil is one of the 5 largest producers of wind energy in the world]]

Brazil is the world's [[List of countries by total primary energy consumption and production|ninth-largest]] energy consumer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=44&u=2&f=A&v=none&y=01/01/2021&ev=false |access-date=23 October 2023 |website=www.eia.gov |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026222938/https://www.eia.gov/international/rankings/world?pa=44&u=2&f=A&v=none&y=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of its energy comes from [[Renewable energy|renewable sources]], particularly [[hydroelectricity]] and [[ethanol]]; the [[Itaipu Dam]] is the world's largest [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric plant]] by energy generation,<ref name="SchmidtOnyango2011">{{Cite book |last1=Michael Schmidt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=67bRqegVVcwC&pg=PA42 |title=Implementing Environmental and Resource Management |last2=Vincent Onyango |last3=Dmytro Palekhov |publisher=Springer |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-540-77568-3 |page=42 |access-date=16 June 2015 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129184349/https://books.google.com/books?id=67bRqegVVcwC&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> and the country has other large plants such as [[Belo Monte Dam|Belo Monte]] and [[Tucuruí Dam|Tucuruí]]. The first car with an ethanol engine was produced in 1978 and the first airplane engine running on ethanol in 2005.<ref name="OECDDevelopment2001">{{Cite book |last1=OECD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6U8AUm1ef4C&pg=PA193 |title=OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2001 |last2=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |last3=Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Staff |publisher=OECD Publishing |year=2001 |isbn=978-92-64-19141-9 |page=193 |access-date=16 June 2015 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129184453/https://books.google.com/books?id=T6U8AUm1ef4C&pg=PA193 |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the end of 2021 Brazil was the 2nd country in the world in terms of installed [[hydroelectric power]] (109.4 GW) and [[biomass]] (15.8 GW), the 7th country in the world in terms of installed [[wind power]] (21.1 GW) and the 14th country in the world in terms of installed [[solar power]] (13.0 GW)—on track to also become one of the top 10 in the world in solar energy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renewable Capacity Statistics 2022 |url=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=19 May 2022 |website=IRENA}}</ref> At the end of 2021, Brazil was the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), behind only China, the United States and Germany, and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).<ref>[[Hannah Ritchie]] and [[Max Roser]], [https://ourworldindata.org/renewable-energy Solar Power Generation]</ref>

The main characteristic of the Brazilian energy matrix is that it is much more renewable than that of the world. While in 2019, the world matrix was only 14% made up of renewable energy, Brazil's was at 45%. Petroleum and oil products made up 34.3% of the matrix; sugar cane derivatives, 18%; hydraulic energy, 12.4%; natural gas, 12.2%; firewood and charcoal, 8.8%; varied renewable energies, 7%; mineral coal, 5.3%; nuclear, 1.4%, and other non-renewable energies, 0.6%.<ref name="Matriz Energética e Elétrica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/abcdenergia/matriz-energetica-e-eletrica |title=Matriz Energética e Elétrica |language=pt |website=Empresa de Pesquisa Energética }}</ref>

In the electric energy matrix, the difference between Brazil and the world is even greater: while the world only had 25% of renewable electric energy in 2019, Brazil had 83%. The Brazilian electric matrix was composed of: hydraulic energy, 64.9%; biomass, 8.4%; wind energy, 8.6%; solar energy, 1%; natural gas, 9.3%; oil products, 2%; nuclear, 2.5%; coal and derivatives, 3.3%.<ref name="Matriz Energética e Elétrica" /> Brazil has the largest electricity sector in Latin America. Its capacity at the end of 2021 was 181,532 MW.<ref name="Ministério de Minas e Energia">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230411135506/https://antigo.aneel.gov.br/web/guest/sala-de-imprensa-exibicao-2/-/asset_publisher/zXQREz8EVlZ6/content/brasil-termina-2021-com-maior-acrescimo-em-potencia-instalada-desde-2016/656877?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=https://antigo.aneel.gov.br/web/guest/sala-de-imprensa-exibicao-2?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=2&p_p_col_count=3&_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_advancedSearch=false&_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_keywords=&_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_delta=15&p_r_p_564233524_resetCur=false&_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_cur=5&_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_andOperator=true] National Agency of Energy</ref>

As for [[Petroleum|oil]], the Brazilian government has embarked on a program over the decades to reduce dependence on imported oil, which previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs. Brazil became self-sufficient in oil in 2006–2007. In 2021, the country closed the year as the 7th oil producer in the world, with an average of close to three million barrels per day, becoming an exporter of the product.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/economia/brasil-anuncia-aumento-da-producao-de-petroleo-em-10-para-ajudar-a-estabilizar-precos/|title=Brasil anuncia aumento da produção de petróleo em 10% para ajudar a estabilizar preços |first=Fernando |last=Nakagawa |date=23 March 2022 |website=CNN Brasil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Produção de petróleo e gás no Brasil ultrapassa 4 milhões de boe/d pela primeira vez |url=http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5628-producao-de-petroleo-e-gas-no-brasil-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-de-boe-d-pela-primeira-vez |date=19 February 2020 |website=[[Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis]]  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220091405/http://www.anp.gov.br/noticias/5628-producao-de-petroleo-e-gas-no-brasil-ultrapassa-4-milhoes-de-boe-d-pela-primeira-vez |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>