Editing Botswana (section)

==Culture==
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Botswana's music is mostly vocal and performed, sometimes without drums depending on the occasion; it also makes heavy use of string instruments. Botswana folk music has instruments such as setinkane (a sort of miniature piano), segankure/segaba (a Motswana version of the Chinese instrument [[erhu]]), moropa (''meropa'' for plural) and phala (a whistle used mostly during celebrations). The hands are sometimes used as musical instruments too, by either clapping them together or against {{transliteration|tn|phathisi}} (goat skin turned inside out wrapped around the calf area, only used by men) to create music and rhythm. The national anthem is "[[Fatshe leno la rona]]", which was written and composed by Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete; it was adopted upon independence in 1966.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Makgala|first=Christian John|date=2014-07-03|title=Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=66|issue=3|pages=504–520|doi=10.1080/02582473.2014.898081|s2cid=159475736|issn=0258-2473}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation|url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/31255|website=www.dailynews.gov.bw|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=26 January 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200126140631/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=31255|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Botswana Music|url=https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html|website=KnowBotswana|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163524/http://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the northern part of Botswana, women in the villages of Etsha and [[Gumare]] are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from [[Hyphaene petersiana|mokola palm]] and local [[dye]]s. The baskets are generally woven into three types: large, lidded baskets used for storage; large, open baskets for carrying objects on the head or for winnowing threshed grain; and smaller plates for winnowing pounded grain. These baskets steadily use colour.{{sfn|Cunningham|Milton|1987}}

The oldest paintings from both Botswana and South Africa depict hunting, animal and human figures, and were made by the Khoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) over 20,000 years ago within the [[Kalahari Desert]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art |url=http://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/4/post/2017/05/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION |language=en |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/archaic-visions/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
The national dish is [[seswaa]], pounded meat made from goat meat or beef, or [[Biltong|Segwapa]] dried, cured meat ranging from beef to game meats, either fillets of meat cut into strips following the grain of the muscle, or flat pieces sliced across the grain. Botswana's cuisine shares some characteristics with other cuisine of southern Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine |url=https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=www.botswana.co.za |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106140404/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Examples of Botswana food are: [[bogobe]], [[Ugali|pap]] (maize porridge), [[boerewors]], [[samp]], [[Vetkoek|Magwinya]] and [[mopane worms]]. Bogobe is made by putting sorghum, maize or millet flour into boiling water, stirring it into a soft paste, and cooking it slowly. A dish called ''ting'' is made when milk and sugar is added to fermented sorghum or maize. Ting without the milk and sugar is sometimes eaten with meat or vegetables for lunch or dinner. Another way of making bogobe is to add sour milk and a cooking melon (lerotse). The Kalanga tribe calls this dish  ''tophi''. Madila is a traditional fermented milk product similar to [[yogurt]] or [[sour cream]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product |last1=Ohenhen |first1=Regina |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533 |work=International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences |volume=2 (2) (2013) 170–175 |pages= |access-date=2023-02-26 |script-title= |publication-date=2013 |author-mask= |last2=Imarenezor |first2=E.P.K |last3=Kihuha |first3=A.N. |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180657/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533_Microbiome_of_madila_-_a_southern-african_fermented_milk_product |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
[[File:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|[[Obed Itani Chilume Stadium]]]]

[[Association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in Botswana. Qualifying for the [[2012 Africa Cup of Nations]] is the [[Botswana national football team|national team]]'s highest achievement to date. Other popular sports are [[softball]], [[cricket]], [[tennis]], [[Rugby football|rugby]], [[badminton]], [[handball]], [[golf]] and [[track and field]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126|archive-date=14 January 2009|title=Sparks to fly at Diamond|publisher=Botswana Press Agency (BOPA)|access-date=18 January 2008|date=26 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813|title=Opinion the Academic World|publisher=Botswana Press Agency (BOPA)|access-date=18 January 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061003050400/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 |archive-date = 3 October 2006}}</ref> Botswana is an associate member of the [[International Cricket Council]]. Botswana became a member of the [[International Badminton Federation]] and [[Africa Badminton Federation]] in 1991. The [[Sport in Botswana#Golf|Botswana Golf Union]] has an amateur golf league in which golfers compete in tournaments and championships. Runner [[Nijel Amos]] won Botswana its first [[Olympic medal]] in 2012, taking [[Silver medal|silver]] in the [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres|800 metres]].

In 2011, [[Amantle Montsho]] became [[2011 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 400 metres|world champion]] in the 400 metres and won Botswana's first athletics medal at the world level. High jumper [[Kabelo Kgosiemang]] is a three-time [[African Championships in Athletics|African champion]]. [[Isaac Makwala]] is a sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres who was the gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games in 2018. [[Baboloki Thebe]] was a silver medalist in the 200 metres at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics and reached the semi-finals at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Ross Branch Ross, a motor-biker, holds the number one place in the South African Cross Country Championship and has competed at the Dakar Rally. [[Letsile Tebogo]] set the [[List of world under-20 records in athletics|world junior record]] in the [[100 metres]] with a time of 9.94 at the [[2022 World Athletics Championships]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=George |date=2022-10-04 |title=Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143613/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and, as of 2024, holds the 100 metre and 200 metre world's third-best time of 30.69 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letsile TEBOGO {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=worldathletics.org |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081510/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 7 August 2021, Botswana won the bronze medal in the Men's [[4 × 400 metres relay at the Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]]. Botswana was the first African nation to host the [[2017 Netball World Youth Cup|Netball World Youth Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=big5.news.cn |archive-date=31 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531003008/http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-22 |title=Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 {{!}} NWYC2017 |url=https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 |access-date=2024-05-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 August 2024, [[Letsile Tebogo]] won Botswana's first-ever Olympic gold medal at the [[2024 Paris Olympics]] after finishing in first place in the [[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metres|men's 200m final]], finishing with a time of 19.46 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris {{!}} NBC Olympics |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/letsile-tebogo-stuns-american-trio-200m-olympic-gold-paris |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=www.nbcolympics.com |language=en}}</ref>

The card game [[Contract bridge|bridge]] has a strong following; it was first played in Botswana around 40 years ago, and it grew in popularity during the 1980s. Many British expatriate school teachers informally taught the game in Botswana's secondary schools. The Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) was founded in 1988. Bridge has remained popular and the BBF has over 800 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm|title=Botswana Bridge Federation|publisher=Botswana National Sports Council|access-date=16 May 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm |archive-date = 27 February 2008}}</ref> In 2007, the BBF invited the [[English Bridge Union]] to host a week-long teaching programme in May 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm|title=English Bridge Union|publisher=English Bridge Union|access-date=1 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm|archive-date=27 February 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>