Editing Borderline personality disorder (section)

====Comorbid Axis I disorders====

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|+Gender variations in lifetime prevalence of comorbid Axis I disorders among individuals diagnosed with BPD: A comparative study between 2008<ref name="Grant_2008" /> and 1998<ref name="comorbidity2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Dubo ED, Sickel AE, Trikha A, Levin A, Reynolds V|date=December 1998|title=Axis I comorbidity of borderline personality disorder|journal=The American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=155|issue=12|pages=1733–1739|doi=10.1176/ajp.155.12.1733|pmid=9842784}}</ref>
	
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! Axis I diagnosis !! Overall (%) !! Male (%) !! Female (%)
	
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! Mood disorders !! 75.0 !! 68.7 !! 80.2
	
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|[[Major depressive disorder]] || 32.1 || 27.2 || 36.1
	
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|[[Dysthymia]] || {{0}}9.7 || {{0}}7.1 || 11.9
	
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|[[Bipolar I disorder]] || 31.8 || 30.6 || 32.7
	
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|[[Bipolar II disorder]] || {{0}}7.7 || {{0}}6.7 || {{0}}8.5
	
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! Anxiety disorders !! 74.2 !! 66.1 !! 81.1
	
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|[[Panic disorder]] with [[agoraphobia]] || 11.5 || {{0}}7.7 || 14.6
	
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|Panic disorder without agoraphobia || 18.8 || 16.2 || 20.9
	
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|[[Social phobia]] || 29.3 || 25.2 || 32.7
	
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|[[Specific phobia]] || 37.5 || 26.6 || 46.6
	
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|[[post-traumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] || 39.2 || 29.5 || 47.2
	
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|[[Generalized anxiety disorder]] || 35.1 || 27.3 || 41.6
	
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|[[Obsessive–compulsive disorder]]** || 15.6 || – || –
	
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! Substance use disorders !! 72.9 !! 80.9 !! 66.2
	
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|Any [[alcohol use disorder]] || 57.3 || 71.2 || 45.6
	
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|Any non-alcohol [[substance use disorder]] || 36.2 || 44.0 || 29.8
	
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! Eating disorders** !! 53.0 !! 20.5 !! 62.2
	
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|[[Anorexia nervosa]]** || 20.8 || {{0}}7 * || 25 *
	
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|[[Bulimia nervosa]]** || 25.6 || 10 * || 30 *
	
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|[[Eating disorder not otherwise specified]]** || 26.1 || 10.8 || 30.4
	
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! Somatoform disorders** !! 10.3 !! 10 * !! 10 *
	
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|[[Somatization disorder]]** || {{0}}4.2 || – || –
	
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|[[Hypochondriasis]]** || {{0}}4.7 || – || –
	
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|[[psychogenic pain|Somatoform pain disorder]]** || {{0}}4.2 || – || –
	
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! [[Psychotic disorders]]** !! {{0}}1.3 !! {{0}}1 * !! {{0}}1 *
	
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| Colspan="4" | * Approximate values <br />** Values from 1998 study<ref name = comorbidity /><br>– Value not provided by from both studies
	
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A 2008 study stated that 75% of individuals with BPD at some point meet criteria for mood disorders, notably major depression and bipolar I, with a similar percentage for anxiety disorders.<ref name="Grant_2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grant BF, Chou SP, Goldstein RB, Huang B, Stinson FS, Saha TD, Smith SM, Dawson DA, Pulay AJ, Pickering RP, Ruan WJ |date=April 2008 |title=Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions |journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=533–545 |doi=10.4088/JCP.v69n0404 |pmc=2676679 |pmid=18426259}}</ref>{{Secondary source needed|date=April 2025}} They found that 73% of individuals with BPD meet criteria for substance use disorders, and about 40% for PTSD.<ref name="Grant_2008"/> A higher proportion of males meet criteria for substance use disorders, whereas females are more likely to have PTSD and eating disorders.<ref name="Grant_2008" /> 38% of individuals with BPD were found to meet criteria for ADHD,<ref name="PM" /> and 15% for [[autism spectrum disorder]] (ASD) in separate studies.<ref name="Ryden2008">{{cite journal|volume=5|issue=1|pages=22–30|vauthors=Rydén G, Rydén E, Hetta J|title=Borderline personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder in females: A cross-sectional study|journal=Clinical Neuropsychiatry|access-date=7 February 2013|year=2008|url=http://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/pdf/04_ryden_hetta.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055225/http://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/pdf/04_ryden_hetta.pdf|archive-date=21 September 2013}}</ref>{{Secondary source needed|date=April 2025}}