Editing Bone (section)

===Fractures===
[[File:Xraymachine.JPG|thumb|[[Radiography]] used to identify possible [[bone fracture]]s after a knee injury]]
{{main|Bone fracture}}
In normal bone, [[Bone fracture|fractures]] occur when there is significant force applied or repetitive trauma over a long time. Fractures can also occur when a bone is weakened, such as with osteoporosis, or when there is a structural problem, such as when the bone remodels excessively (such as [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]) or is the site of the growth of cancer.{{sfn|Davidson|2010|p=1068}} Common fractures include [[wrist fracture]]s and [[hip fracture]]s, associated with [[osteoporosis]], [[vertebral fracture]]s associated with high-energy trauma and cancer, and fractures of long-bones. Not all fractures are painful.{{sfn|Davidson|2010|p=1068}} When serious, depending on the fractures type and location, complications may include [[flail chest]], [[compartment syndrome]]s or [[fat embolism]].
[[Compound fracture]]s involve the bone's penetration through the skin. Some complex fractures can be treated by the use of [[bone grafting]] procedures that replace missing bone portions.

Fractures and their underlying causes can be investigated by [[X-ray]]s, [[CT scans]] and [[MRI]]s.{{sfn|Davidson|2010|p=1068}} Fractures are described by their location and shape, and several classification systems exist, depending on the location of the fracture. A common long bone fracture in children is a [[Salter–Harris fracture]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Salter RB, Harris WR |year=1963 |title=Injuries Involving the Epiphyseal Plate |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=587–622 |url=http://jbjs.org/content/45/3/587 |doi=10.2106/00004623-196345030-00019 |s2cid=73292249 |access-date=2 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202172951/http://jbjs.org/content/45/3/587 |archive-date=2 December 2016 }}</ref> When fractures are managed, pain relief is often given, and the fractured area is often immobilised. This is to promote [[bone healing]]. In addition, surgical measures such as [[internal fixation]] may be used. Because of the immobilisation, people with fractures are often advised to undergo [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation|rehabilitation]].{{sfn|Davidson|2010|p=1068}}