Editing Biofilm (section)

=== ''Staphylococcus aureus'' ===
''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' pathogen can attack skin and lungs, leading to [[skin infection]] and [[pneumonia]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kobayashi SD, Malachowa N, Whitney AR, Braughton KR, Gardner DJ, Long D, Bubeck Wardenburg J, Schneewind O, Otto M, Deleo FR | title = Comparative analysis of USA300 virulence determinants in a rabbit model of skin and soft tissue infection | journal = The Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 204 | issue = 6 | pages = 937–941 | date = September 2011 | pmid = 21849291 | pmc = 3156927 | doi = 10.1093/infdis/jir441 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kitur K, Parker D, Nieto P, Ahn DS, Cohen TS, Chung S, Wachtel S, Bueno S, Prince A | title = Toxin-induced necroptosis is a major mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus lung damage | journal = PLOS Pathogens | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = e1004820 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25880560 | pmc = 4399879 | doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004820 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Moreover, the biofilm infections network of ''S. aureus'' plays a critical role in preventing immune cells, such as [[macrophage]]s from eliminating and destroying bacterial cells.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thurlow LR, Hanke ML, Fritz T, Angle A, Aldrich A, Williams SH, Engebretsen IL, Bayles KW, Horswill AR, Kielian T | title = Staphylococcus aureus biofilms prevent macrophage phagocytosis and attenuate inflammation in vivo | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 186 | issue = 11 | pages = 6585–6596 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21525381 | pmc = 3110737 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.1002794 }}</ref> Furthermore, biofilm formation by bacteria, such as ''S. aureus'', not only develops [[Antimicrobial resistance|resistance against antibiotic]] medication but also develop internal resistance toward [[Antimicrobial peptides|antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)]], leading to preventing the inhibition of the pathogen and maintaining its survival.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Craft KM, Nguyen JM, Berg LJ, Townsend SD | title = Methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA): antibiotic-resistance and the biofilm phenotype | journal = MedChemComm | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 1231–1241 | date = August 2019 | pmid = 31534648 | pmc = 6748282 | doi = 10.1039/c9md00044e }}</ref>