Editing Benign prostatic hyperplasia (section)

=== Surgery ===
{{Main|Surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia}}

[[File:Rtu.jpg|thumb|right|Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)]]

If medical treatment is not effective, surgery may be performed. Surgical techniques used include the following:
* [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP): the gold standard.<ref name="Franco_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Franco JV, Garegnani L, Escobar Liquitay CM, Borofsky M, Dahm P | title = Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2021 | issue = 6 | pages = CD004135 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34180047 | pmc = 8236484 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004135.pub4 }}</ref> TURP is thought to be the most effective approach for improving urinary symptoms and urinary flow, however, this surgical procedure may be associated with complications in up to 20% of men.<ref name="Franco_2021" /> Surgery carries some risk of complications, such as [[retrograde ejaculation]] (most commonly), [[erectile dysfunction]], [[urinary incontinence]], [[urethral stricture]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/transurethral-resection-of-the-prostate-turp/risks/|title=Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - Risks|date=2017-10-24|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-03-08}}</ref>
* [[Transurethral incision of the prostate]] (TUIP): rarely performed; the technique is similar to TURP but less definitive.
* Open [[prostatectomy]]: not usually performed nowadays due to its high morbidity, even if the results are excellent.
Other less invasive surgical approaches (requiring [[Spinal anaesthesia|spinal anesthesia]]) include:
* [[Holmium laser ablation of the prostate]] (HoLAP)
* [[Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate]] (HoLeP)
* Thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate (ThuVARP)
* Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP)
* [[Aquablation therapy]]: a type of surgery using a water jet to remove prostatic tissue.