Editing Austin, Texas (section)

===Transportation===
In 2009, 72.7% of Austin (city) commuters drove alone, with other [[mode share]]s being: 10.4% carpool, 6% were [[remote work]]ers, 5% use transit, 2.3% walk, and 1% bicycle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Table B08406. Sex of Workers by Means of Transportation for Workplace Geography – Universe: Workers 16 Years and Over |url=https://www.census.gov/ |access-date=May 4, 2011 |website=United States Census Bureau |series=2009 American Community Survey |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709054630/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Freemark |first=Yonah |date=October 13, 2010 |title=Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes |url=https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/10/13/transit-mode-share-trends-looking-steady-rail-appears-to-encourage-non-automobile-commutes/ |access-date=October 31, 2017 |website=Transport Politic |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116171634/https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2010/10/13/transit-mode-share-trends-looking-steady-rail-appears-to-encourage-non-automobile-commutes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, the [[American Community Survey]] estimated modal shares for Austin (city) commuters of 73.5% for driving alone, 9.6% for carpooling, 3.6% for riding transit, 2% for walking, and 1.5% for cycling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=2015 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates: Commuting Characteristics by Sex |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_1YR/S0801/1600000US4805000 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213114746/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/16_1YR/S0801/1600000US4805000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=October 31, 2017 |website=United States Census Bureau |series=American Fact Finder}}</ref> The city of Austin has a lower than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 6.9 percent of Austin households lacked a car, and decreased slightly to 6 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Austin averaged 1.65 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Macaig |first=Mike |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map |url=http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |journal=Governing |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511162014/http://www.governing.com/gov-data/car-ownership-numbers-of-vehicles-by-city-map.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In mid-2019, [[TomTom]] ranked Austin as having the worst [[traffic congestion]] in Texas, as well as 19th nationally and 179th globally.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ren |first=Victor |date=June 11, 2019 |title=Austin has some of the worst traffic congestion in the world, study finds |work=Austin American Statesman |url=https://www.statesman.com/news/20190611/austin-has-some-of-worst-traffic-congestion-in-world-study-finds |access-date=June 14, 2019 |archive-date=June 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612070232/https://www.statesman.com/news/20190611/austin-has-some-of-worst-traffic-congestion-in-world-study-finds |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Highways====
[[File:Pennybacker bridge sunset 2006.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Pennybacker Bridge]] is the signature element of [[Texas Loop 360|Loop 360]] in the [[Texas Hill Country]].]]

Central Austin lies between two major north–south freeways: [[Interstate 35 in Texas|I-35]] to the east and the [[Texas State Highway Loop 1|Mopac Expressway (Loop 1)]] to the west. [[U.S. Route 183 in Texas|US 183]] runs from northwest to southeast, and [[Texas State Highway 71|SH 71]] crosses the southern part of the city from east to west, completing a rough "box" around central and north-central Austin. Austin is the largest city in the United States to be served by only one Interstate Highway.

[[U.S. Route 290|US 290]] enters Austin from the east and merges into I-35. Its highway designation continues south on I-35 and then becomes part of SH 71, continuing to the west. Highway 290 splits from Highway 71 in southwest Austin, in an interchange known as "The Y." SH 71 continues to [[Brady, Texas]], and Highway 290 continues west to intersect [[Interstate 10 in Texas|I-10]] near [[Junction, Texas|Junction]]. Interstate 35 continues south through [[San Antonio]] to [[Laredo, Texas|Laredo]] on the Mexican border. I-35 is the highway link to the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in Northern Texas. There are two links to Houston (US 290 and SH 71/I-10). US 183 leads northwest of Austin toward [[Lampasas, Texas|Lampasas]].

In the mid-1980s, construction was completed on [[Texas State Highway Loop 360|Loop 360]], a scenic highway that curves through the hill country from near the 71/Mopac interchange in the south to near the US 183/Mopac interchange in the north. The iconic [[Pennybacker Bridge]], also known as the "360 Bridge," crosses Lake Austin to connect the northern and southern portions of Loop 360.

====Tollways====

[[File:Texas45.jpg|thumb|right|Interchange of [[Interstate 35]] and [[State Highway 45 (Texas)|State Highway 45]]]]

[[Texas State Highway 130|SH 130]] is a bypass route designed to relieve [[traffic congestion]], starting from Interstate 35 just north of Georgetown and running along a parallel route to the east, where it bypasses [[Round Rock, Texas|Round Rock]], Austin, [[San Marcos, Texas|San Marcos]] and [[New Braunfels, Texas|New Braunfels]] before ending at [[Interstate 10 in Texas|I-10]] east of [[Seguin, Texas|Seguin]], where drivers could drive {{convert|30|mi|km}} west to return to I-35 in [[San Antonio]]. The first segment was opened in November 2006, which was located east of [[Austin–Bergstrom International Airport]] at Austin's southeast corner on [[Texas State Highway 71|SH 71]]. Highway 130 runs concurrently with SH 45 from [[Pflugerville, Texas|Pflugerville]] on the north until it reaches [[U.S. Route 183 in Texas|US 183]] well south of Austin, at which point [[Texas State Highway 45|SR 45]] continues west. The entire route of SH 130 is now complete. The final leg opened on November 1, 2012. The highway is noted for having a maximum speed limit of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} for the entire route. The {{convert|41|mi|km|adj=on}} section of the toll road between Mustang Ridge and Seguin has a posted speed limit of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, the highest posted [[speed limits in the United States|speed limit in the United States]].

[[Texas State Highway 45|SH 45]] runs east–west from just south of US 183 in [[Cedar Park, Texas|Cedar Park]] to 130 inside [[Pflugerville, Texas|Pflugerville]] (just east of Round Rock). A tolled extension of State Highway Loop 1 was also created. A new southeast leg of SH 45 has recently been completed, running from US 183 and the south end of Segment 5 of TX-130 south of Austin due west to I-35 at the [[List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas#FM 1327|FM 1327]]/Creedmoor Road exit between the south end of Austin and [[Buda, Texas|Buda]]. The 183A Toll Road opened in March 2007, providing a tolled alternative to US 183 through the cities of [[Leander, Texas|Leander]] and [[Cedar Park, Texas|Cedar Park]]. Currently under construction is a change to East US 290 from US 183 to the town of Manor. Officially, the tollway will be dubbed Tollway 290 with "Manor Expressway" as nickname.

Despite the overwhelming initial opposition to the toll road concept when it was first announced, all three toll roads have exceeded revenue projections.<ref name="Wear 2009" />

====Airports====
[[File:AUSCentralConcourse.JPG|thumb|The Barbara Jordan Terminal at [[Austin–Bergstrom International Airport]]]]

Austin's primary airport is [[Austin–Bergstrom International Airport]] (ABIA) ([[List of airports by IATA code: A#AU|IATA code]] '''AUS'''), located {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} southeast of the city. The airport is on the site of the former [[Bergstrom Air Force Base]], which was closed in 1993 as part of the [[Base Realignment and Closure]] process. Until 1999, [[Robert Mueller Municipal Airport]] was Austin's main airport until ABIA took that role and the old airport was shut down.<ref name="LA Times Closed" /> [[Austin Executive Airport]], along with several smaller airports outside the city center, serves general aviation traffic.

====Intercity transit====
[[File:Texas Eagle arriving in Austin, en route from Los Angeles to Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|Amtrak's ''Texas Eagle'' stops in Austin twice daily.]]

[[Amtrak]]'s [[Austin (Amtrak station)|Austin station]] is located in west downtown and is served by the ''[[Texas Eagle]]'' which runs daily between Chicago and San Antonio, continuing on to Los Angeles several times a week.<ref name="Amtrak Texas Eagle" />

Railway segments between Austin and San Antonio have been evaluated for a proposed regional passenger rail project called "Lone Star Rail". However, failure to come to an agreement with the track's current owner, [[Union Pacific Railroad]], ended the project in 2016.<ref name="Maas 2016" />

[[Greyhound Lines]] operates the current Austin Bus Station at the Eastside Bus Plaza <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greyhound.com/en-us/bus-stations-in-austin-1|title=Greyhound Bus Stations in Austin, Texas|website=www.greyhound.com|access-date=February 20, 2023|archive-date=February 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220231158/https://www.greyhound.com/en-us/bus-stations-in-austin-1|url-status=live}}</ref>  Grupo Senda's Turimex Internacional service operates bus service from Austin to Nuevo Laredo and on to many destinations in Mexico from their station in East Austin.<ref name="Turimex" /> [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]] offers daily service to San Antonio, Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston.<ref name="Megabus PR" />

====Public transportation====
{{See also|CapMetro}}
[[File:Austin Metrorail.jpg|thumb|[[CapMetro Rail]] train at [[Downtown station (CapMetro Rail)|Downtown station]]]]

The Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority ([[CapMetro]]) provides public transportation to the city, primarily with its [[CapMetro Bus]] local bus service, the [[CapMetro Bus#CapMetro Express|CapMetro Express]] express bus system, as well as a [[bus rapid transit]] service, [[CapMetro Rapid]]. CapMetro opened a {{convert|32|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Light rail in the United States#"Hybrid rail systems"|hybrid rail]] system, [[CapMetro Rail]], in 2010.<ref name="Cap Metro All Systems Go 2009" /> The system consists of a single line serving downtown Austin, the neighborhoods of East Austin, [[North Central Austin]], and Northwest Austin plus the suburb of [[Leander, Texas|Leander]].

Since it began operations in 1985, CapMetro has proposed adding [[light rail]] services to its network. Despite support from the City Council, voters rejected light rail proposals in 2000<ref name="Clark-Madison 2000" /> and 2014.<ref name="Curington 2014" /> However, in 2020, voters approved CapMetro's {{US$|10 billion}} transit expansion plan, [[Project Connect]], by a comfortable margin. The plan proposes 2 new light rail lines, an additional bus rapid transit line (which could be converted to light rail in the future), a second commuter rail line, several new MetroRapid lines, more MetroExpress routes, and a number of other infrastructure, technology and service expansion projects.<ref name="Cap Metro Project Connect" />

[[Capital Area Rural Transportation System]] connects Austin with outlying suburbs and surrounding rural areas.

====Ride sharing====

Austin is served by several [[Ridesharing company|ride-sharing]] companies including [[Uber]] and [[Lyft]].<ref name="Uber Austin" /><ref name="Lyft Austin" /><ref name="RideAustin" /> On May 9, 2016, Uber and Lyft voluntarily ceased operations in Austin in response to a city ordinance that required ride sharing company drivers to get fingerprint checks, have their vehicles labeled, and not pick up or drop off in certain city lanes.<ref name="MacMillan 2016" /><ref name="Woodyard 2016" /> Uber and Lyft resumed service in the summer of 2017.<ref name="Samuels 2017" /> The city was previously served by [[Fasten (company)|Fasten]] until they ceased all operations in the city in March 2018.<ref name="Jechow 2018" />

Austin is also served by Electric Cab of North America's six-passenger [[electric car|electric cabs]] that operate on a flexible route from the [[Kramer station|Kramer MetroRail Station]] to [[The Domain (Austin, Texas)|Domain Northside]] and from the [[Downtown station (CapMetro Rail)|Downtown CapMetro Rail station]] and MetroRapid stops to locations between the [[Austin Convention Center]] and near Sixth and Bowie streets by [[Whole Foods Market|Whole Foods]].<ref name="Denney 2018" />

[[Carsharing]] service [[Zipcar]] operates in Austin and, until 2019, the city was also served by [[Car2Go]] which kept its North American headquarters in the city even after pulling out.<ref name="Turner 2019" />

====Cycling and walking====

[[File:Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge over the Colorado River]]

The city's bike advocacy organization is Bike Austin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bike Austin |url=https://www.bikeaustin.org/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Bike Austin |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818215540/https://www.bikeaustin.org/ }}</ref> BikeTexas, a state-level advocacy organization, also has its main office in Austin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.biketexas.org/about-us/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=BikeTexas|date=October 12, 2018 }}</ref>

[[Bicycle]]s are a popular transportation choice among students, faculty, and staff at the University of Texas. According to a survey done at the University of Texas, 57% of commuters bike to campus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bike Survey Results |url=http://parking.utexas.edu/bike/survey.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202060644/http://parking.utexas.edu/bike/survey.html |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |access-date=January 31, 2017 |website=The University of Texas at Austin Parking and Transportation Services}}</ref>

The City of Austin and CapMetro jointly own a [[bike-sharing]] service, [[CapMetro#Other services|CapMetro Bike]], which is available in and around downtown. The service is a franchise of [[BCycle]], a national bike sharing network owned by [[Trek Bicycle]], and is operated by local nonprofit organization Bike Share of Austin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wear |first=Ben |date=November 30, 2016 |title=Austin B-cycle, with rentals on the rise, adding bikes and stations |url=https://www.statesman.com/news/20161130/austin-b-cycle-with-rentals-on-the-rise-adding-bikes-and-stations |access-date=September 30, 2018 |website=Austin American-Statesman |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002064544/https://www.statesman.com/news/20161130/austin-b-cycle-with-rentals-on-the-rise-adding-bikes-and-stations |url-status=live }}</ref> Until 2020 the service was known as Austin BCycle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Samuel |date=24 September 2020 |title=Austin BCycle Becomes MetroBike As City Partners With Cap Metro To Expand Bike-Share Program |url=https://www.kut.org/transportation/2020-09-24/austin-bcycle-becomes-metrobike-as-city-partners-with-cap-metro-to-expand-bike-share-program |access-date=6 September 2021 |website=[[KUT|KUT Radio]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, [[LimeBike|Lime]] began offering [[dockless bikes]], which do not need to be docked at a designated station.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Widner |first=Cindy |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Lime makes dockless bikes, scooters more affordable to underserved |url=https://austin.curbed.com/2018/8/27/17788496/austin-dockless-scooters-bikes-affordable-lime |access-date=September 30, 2018 |website=[[Curbed]]}}</ref>

In 2018, [[scooter-sharing system|scooter-sharing]] companies [[Lime (transportation company)|Lime]] and [[Bird Global|Bird]] debuted [[Scooter-sharing system|rentable electric scooters]] in Austin. The city briefly banned the scooters — which began operations before the city could implement a permitting system — until the city completed development of their "dockless mobility" permitting process on May 1, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allbright |first=Claire |date=May 1, 2018 |title=A flock of electric scooters suddenly descended on Austin. Now the city is scrambling to regulate them. |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2018/05/01/flock-electric-scooters-suddenly-descended-austin-now-city-scrambling-/ |access-date=October 1, 2018 |website=[[Texas Tribune]] |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002065044/https://www.texastribune.org/2018/05/01/flock-electric-scooters-suddenly-descended-austin-now-city-scrambling-/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dockless electric scooters and bikes are banned from Austin city parks and the [[Lady Bird Lake#Ann and Roy Butler Hike-and-Bike Trail and Boardwalk|Ann and Roy Butler Trail and Boardwalk]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Ryan |date=July 9, 2018 |title=E-bikes, e-scooters not welcome in Austin parks |url=https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2018/07/e-bikes-e-scooters-not-welcome-in-austin-parks/ |access-date=October 1, 2018 |website=Austin Monitor |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002065035/https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2018/07/e-bikes-e-scooters-not-welcome-in-austin-parks/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For the 2018 [[Austin City Limits Music Festival]], the city of Austin offered a designated parking area for dockless bikes and scooters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Widner |first=Cindy |date=October 1, 2018 |title=ACL Fest 2018 will have dedicated parking for dockless scooters and bikes |url=https://austin.curbed.com/2018/10/1/17920984/acl-fest-2018-parking-scooters-dockless-bikes-where |access-date=October 1, 2018 |website=[[Curbed]] |archive-date=October 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002065023/https://austin.curbed.com/2018/10/1/17920984/acl-fest-2018-parking-scooters-dockless-bikes-where |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Parking lots ====
In November 2023, Austin became the largest city in the US that has abolished [[parking mandates]]. It did so to encourage walking, biking, and public transit use, as well as to lower the cost of housing and increase the amount of housing units that can be built in the city. [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and [[Minneapolis]] also took this action.<ref>{{cite news |last1=FECHTER |first1=JOSHUA |title=To fight climate change and housing shortage, Austin becomes largest U.S. city to drop parking-spot requirements |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2023/11/02/austin-minimum-parking-requirements-housing-shortage/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |agency=Texas tribune |date=2 November 2023 |archive-date=November 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107165314/https://www.texastribune.org/2023/11/02/austin-minimum-parking-requirements-housing-shortage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>