Editing Antigua and Barbuda (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Antigua and Barbuda}}
[[File:Anucarnival1.JPG|thumb|Antigua Carnival]]
[[File:Saint Mary 1, Antigua.jpg|thumb|Typical Antiguan homes in [[Saint Mary, Antigua and Barbuda|Saint Mary]]]]
[[File:Top Mission Street, Codrington, Barbuda.jpg|thumb|Typical Barbudan homes in Codrington]]
The [[music of Antigua and Barbuda]] has some African characteristics, with minimal influence from European music, but the music is distinct.<ref name="Garland">McDaniel, pp. 798–800</ref> Records of music in Antigua and Barbuda dates back to Christopher Columbus' writings in 1493, when it was still home to Arawak and Carib people, still, very little research has been done on early music from the islands. African labourers are documented in history to have danced outside in the 1780s to the toombah (later tum tum), a drum adorned with tin and shell jingles, and the banjar (later bangoe, maybe related to the European banjo).<ref name="Luffman 1788">{{cite book |author=Luffman, John |title=A Brief Account of the Island of Antigua |year=1788 |location=London |pages=798–800}}</ref> Antigua's indigenous music, known as [[Benna (genre)|Benna]], came into being after slavery was abolished. Benna uses a call-and-response format, and its audience is typically interested in obscene gossip and rumours. Benna was widely utilised as a popular communication tool by the beginning of the 20th century, disseminating information around the island.<ref name="Luffman 1788" /><ref>[http://www.antiguamuseums.org/cultural.htm#Calypso Antigua and Barbuda's Cultural Heritage] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026090344/http://www.antiguamuseums.org/cultural.htm|date=2005-10-26}} and McDaniel, pp 798-800</ref>
Benna has long been eclipsed by Calypso and increasingly Soca, which includes South Asian rhythms.

The [[Art in Antigua and Barbuda|art of Antigua and Barbuda]] began with the [[Arawak people]]. Their artwork included pictographs and petroglyphs. These geometric shapes, animals, and plant artworks are said to have been used for ceremonial or religious purposes. Painting, sculpture, and ceramics were among the artistic traditions that European settlers brought to Antigua and Barbuda. Local painters used European art forms to produce Antiguan and Barbudan art in their own unique styles. Social issues, nature, and Caribbean identity were the subjects of this artwork.<ref name="Design Encyclopedia">{{Cite web |title=A' Design Award and Competition – Design Encyclopedia – History Of Art In Antigua And Barbuda |url=https://competition.adesignaward.com/design-encyclopedia.php?e=240199 |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=competition.adesignaward.com}}</ref> Traditional crafts from Antigua and Barbuda include scrimshaw, pottery, sculptures, ethnic dolls, and photography.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda / Pressroom |url=http://www.antigua-barbuda.org/press132.htm |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=antigua-barbuda.org}}</ref>

Every year, on the island of Antigua, people celebrate their freedom from slavery with the [[Antigua Carnival]] modelled after European pre-Lent Carnival. Over thirteen days, there are brightly coloured costumes, talent events, beauty pageants and music. The celebration runs from late July to Carnival Tuesday, the first Tuesday in August. On the island, Carnival Tuesday and Monday are both observed as public holidays. In an effort to boost travel to Antigua and Barbuda, the Old Time Christmas Festival was replaced in 1957 by the Antiguan Carnival.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=History of Antigua's Carnival |url=https://antiguacarnival.com/about/history |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Antigua's Carnival {{!}} Antigua Barbuda Festivals Commission |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-17 |title=Antigua's Carnival |url=https://www.visitantiguabarbuda.com/antiguas-carnival/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Visit Antigua & Barbuda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="best Caribbean carnivals">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=8 of the best Caribbean carnivals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/best-caribbean-carnivals |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Travel |language=en}}</ref> Another annual festival held in Antigua is [[Antigua Sailing Week]]. Sailing Week is a week-long yacht [[regatta]] held in the waters of [[English Harbour]]. Sailing Week was founded in 1967 and is known for being one of the top regattas in the world.<ref name="Beckett">{{cite book |last=Beckett |first=Luisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qINzbC0D8eUC&pg=PA50 |title=Yachting Escapes: The Caribbean |publisher=The Escapes Group ltd |isbn=978-1-60643-795-7 |page=50 |accessdate=24 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Vaitilingam2002">{{cite book |last=Vaitilingam |first=Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mIP0T3hGT1UC&pg=PA129 |title=The Rough Guide to Antigua and Barbuda |date=31 January 2002 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-715-7 |page=129 |accessdate=24 March 2012}}</ref> The main festival held in Barbuda is Caribana. Caribana takes place every year during Whit Monday weekend<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda Public Holidays |url=https://ab.gov.ag/detail_page.php?page=4 |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=ab.gov.ag}}</ref> and features various pageants, calypso competitions, and weekend beach parties.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=the barbudaful community |url=https://barbudaful.net/the-barbudaful-community/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |website=Barbudaful |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Antigua and Barbuda has eleven public holidays.<ref name=":2" /> On the advice of the Cabinet, the Governor-General may also proclaim other holidays.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Holidays Act |url=https://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-354.pdf}}</ref> Historically, about three weeks before Christmas Day, carol singers would roam the various villages, carrying carol trees and lanterns. "John Bulls" are replicas of "masked African witch doctors", that often dominated the country's Christmas festivities. Jazz bands were also common sights, dressed in red and green clown costumes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANTIGUA & BARBUDA'S CULTURAL HERITAGE |url=http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/cultural.htm |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=antiguahistory.net |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003022/http://antiguahistory.net/Museum/cultural.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of Antigua and Barbuda}} The islands' cuisine is mostly of European origin (UK and Portugal) with regional ingredients. Fungee (pronounced "foon-jee") and pepperpot are the national dishes. Fungee is a cornmeal-based dish that resembles polenta <ref name="recipeisland">[http://recipeisland.com/blog1/recipe-island/antigua-barbuda-recipes/antigua-barbuda-national-dish-recipe "Antigua & Barbuda National Dish & Recipe."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013171821/http://recipeisland.com/blog1/recipe-island/antigua-barbuda-recipes/antigua-barbuda-national-dish-recipe|date=October 13, 2010}} [http://recipeisland.com Recipeisland.com]. Pepperpot is a spinach and okra stew, with and without beef parts or chicken. Accessed July 2011.</ref> Other national foods include saltfish (cod), lobster (from Barbuda), ducana (a sweet dumpling made from sweet potatoes and coconut), and seasoned rice, similar to Palau or arroz con pollo. Additionally, there are confections such as peanut brittle, sugar cake (made from coconut and sugar), fudge, and raspberry (local) and tamarind stew (sauce). The [[Antigua black pineapple]] is prized for its juicy, sweet flesh. It is a well-liked fruit in the area and is included in many regional specialties and sweets. It is said to be the sweetest variety of pineapple.<ref name="Antigua Black Pineapple">{{Cite web |title=Antigua Black Pineapple {{!}} Local Pineapple From Antigua and Barbuda |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/antigua-black-pineapple |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=tasteatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-02 |title=The Antigua Black Pineapple: An Island Treasure {{!}} Sandals Blog |url=https://www.sandals.com/blog/antigua-black-pineapple/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Hello Paradise – The Official Sandals Resorts Travel & Lifestyle Blog}}</ref>

An important part of the Antiguan and Barbudan breakfast is [[Antigua Sunday bread]]. It is sold in many bakeries on both islands, and instead of being made with butter, it is made with lard. There are often decorative twists on the crust of the bread.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2016-06-01 |title=Antigua Sunday Bread |url=http://www.cookingsensemag.com/antigua-sunday-bread/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Cooking Sense Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news |date=2022-09-03 |title=Antigua's traditional bread shops struggle amid food price hikes |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62595443 |access-date=2023-02-05 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Antiguan raisin buns]], often called "bun and cheese", is another traditional bread, which is sweet and most popular during Easter. It is sometimes made with spices such as nutmeg.<ref name=":05">{{Cite web |last=ChainBaker |date=2021-05-02 |title=Antiguan Raisin Buns, Unique Bun & Cheese Recipe |url=https://www.chainbaker.com/antiguan-bun-and-cheese/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=ChainBaker |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Sport ===
[[File:Cricket ground.jpg|thumb|The [[Antigua Recreation Ground]], the national stadium]]
[[Cricket]] is the most popular sport within the islands. With [[Viv Richards|Sir Isaac Vivian Alexander Richards]] {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of the National Hero (Antigua and Barbuda)|KNH]] [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] [[Order of the Caribbean Community|OOC]]}} who represented the [[West Indies cricket team]] between 1974 and 1991, Antigua had one of the world's most famous batsmen ever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=Viv Richards was a complete genius: Imran Khan |url=https://www.dawn.com/2011/04/02/viv-richards-was-a-complete-genius-imran-khan/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |website=Dawn |language=en |location=Pakistan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Featured Columnist |date=13 November 2013 |title=The ICC Ranking System's Top 10 Batsmen in ODI Cricket History |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1848478-the-icc-ranking-systems-top-10-batsmen-in-odi-cricket-history/page/11 |access-date=7 August 2014 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> The [[Antigua and Barbuda national cricket team]] represented the country at the [[1998 Commonwealth Games]], but Antiguan cricketers otherwise play for the [[Leeward Islands cricket team]] in domestic matches and the [[West Indies cricket team]] internationally. Teams from the various villages and parishes compete in the Parish League.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-20 |title=ACB Antigua Parish League |url=https://cricket268.com/acb-antigua-parish-league/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Cricket268 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Football in Antigua and Barbuda|Association football]] is the second most popular sport in the country,<ref name="worldsoccer2">{{cite web |title=Antigua & Barbuda taking small steps towards respectability &#124; World Soccer |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/blogs/antigua-barbuda-taking-small-steps-towards-respectability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324045016/http://www.worldsoccer.com/blogs/antigua-barbuda-taking-small-steps-towards-respectability |archive-date=2014-03-24 |access-date=2014-03-25 |publisher=worldsoccer.com}}</ref> with the [[Antigua and Barbuda national football team]] being founded in 1928.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-07 |title=ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA |url=https://www.concacaf.com/inside-concacaf/member-associations/antigua-and-barbuda/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Concacaf |language=en}}</ref>