Editing Abacus (section)

==References==
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* {{cite web |last1=Aimi |first1=Antonio |last2=De Pasquale |first2=Nicolino |others=translated by Del Bianco, Franca |url=http://www.quipus.it/english/Andean%20Calculators.pdf |title=Andean Calculators |year=2005 |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503005239/http://www.quipus.it/english/Andean%20Calculators.pdf |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Albree | first = Joe | editor-last = Hessenbruch | editor-first = Arne |title = Reader's Guide to the History of Science | isbn = 978-1-884964-29-9 | year = 2000 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers | location = London, UK }}
* {{cite web |author=Anon |url=http://www.thocp.net/hardware/abacus.html |title=Abacus middle ages, region of origin Middle East |website=The History of Computing Project |date=September 12, 2002 |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=May 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509093935/http://www.thocp.net/hardware/abacus.html |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite web |author=Anon |url=http://www.inaoep.mx/iberamia2004/nepo_eng.htm |title=Nepohualtzintzin, The Pre Hispanic Computer |year=2004 |website=Iberamia 2004 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503004718/http://www.inaoep.mx/iberamia2004/nepo_eng.htm |access-date=July 31, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite web |author=Anon |url=http://enc.daum.net/dic100/contents.do?query1=b19j3727a |script-title=ko:주판 |trans-title=Abacus |language=ko |website=enc.daum.net |year=2013 |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707220016/http://100.daum.net/encyclopedia/view.do?docid=b19j3727a |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Boyer | first1 = Carl B. | last2 = Merzbach | first2 = Uta C. | author2-link = Uta Merzbach | title = A History of Mathematics | year = 1991 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | edition = 2nd | isbn = 978-0-471-54397-8 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmathema00boye }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Brown | editor-first = Lesley | encyclopedia = Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles | title = abacus | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford, UK | edition = 5th | volume = 2: A-K | isbn = 978-0-19-860575-1 | year = 1993 | url = https://archive.org/details/shorteroxfordeng00will_0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Brown | first = Nancy Marie | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vwy5B9ZXMh4C | title = The Abacus and the Cross: The Story of the Pope Who Brought the Light of Science to the Dark Ages | year = 2010 | publisher = Basic Books | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 978-0-465-00950-3 }}
* {{cite interview |last=Brown |first=Nancy Marie |url=http://www.religiondispatches.org/books/rd10q/3878/everything_you_think_you_know_about_the_dark_ages_is_wrong/ |title=Everything You Think You Know About the Dark Ages is Wrong |date=Jan 2, 2011 |website=rd magazine |publisher=USC Annenberg |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054750/http://religiondispatches.org/everything-you-think-you-know-about-the-dark-ages-is-wrong/ |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last1 = Burnett | first1 = Charles | last2 = Ryan | first2 = W. F. | editor1-last = Bud | editor1-first = Robert | editor2-last = Warner | editor2-first = Deborah Jean | title = Abacus (Western) | encyclopedia = Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia | pages = 5–7 | publisher = Garland Publishing, Inc. | location = New York, NY | year = 1998 | series = Garland Encyclopedias in the History of Science | isbn = 978-0-8153-1561-2 }}
* {{cite web |last=Carr |first=Karen |url=http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/science/math.htm |title=West Asian Mathematics |publisher=History for Kids! |year=2014 |access-date=Jun 19, 2014 |website=Kidipede |archive-date=July 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703150630/http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/science/math.htm |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
* {{cite book | last = Carruccio | first = Ettore | others = translated by Quigly, Isabel | title = Mathematics and Logic In History and In Contemporary Thought | publisher = Aldine Transaction | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-202-30850-0 }}
* {{cite book | last = Crump | first = Thomas | title = The Japanese Numbers Game: The Use and Understanding of Numbers in Modern Japan | series = The Nissan Institute/Routledge Japanese Studies Series | publisher = Routledge | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-415-05609-0 }}
* {{cite book | editor1-last = de Stefani | editor1-first = Aloysius | title = Etymologicum Gudianum quod vocatur; recensuit et apparatum criticum indicesque adiecit | year = 1909 | volume = I | publisher = Teubner | location = Leipzig, Germany | lccn = 23016143 }}
* {{cite web | last = Fernandes | first = Luis | url = http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/intro.html | title = A Brief Introduction to the Abacus | date = November 27, 2003 | work = ee.ryerson.ca | access-date = July 31, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141226170451/http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/intro.html | archive-date = December 26, 2014 | url-status = dead }}
* {{cite book | last = Flegg | first = Graham | title = Numbers: Their History and Meaning | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 1983 | series = Dover Books on Mathematics | isbn = 978-0-233-97516-0 | location = Mineola, NY }}
* {{cite book | editor-last = Gaisford | editor-first = Thomas | title = Etymologicon Magnum seu verius Lexicon Saepissime vocabulorum origines indagans ex pluribus lexicis scholiastis et grammaticis anonymi cuiusdam opera concinnatum | trans-title = The Great Etymologicon: Which Contains the Origins of the Lexicon of Words from a Large Number or Rather with a Great Amount of Research Lexicis Scholiastis and Connected Together by the Works of Anonymous Grammarians | year = 1962 | orig-year = 1848 | location = Amsterdam, the Netherlands | publisher = Adolf M. Hakkert | language = la }}
* {{cite journal | last = Good | first = Robert C. Jr.| title = The Binary Abacus: A Useful Tool for Explaining Computer Operations | journal = Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 34–37 | date = Fall 1985 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Gove | editor-first = Philip Babcock | title = abacist | encyclopedia = Websters Third New International Dictionary | year = 1976 | edition = 17th | isbn = 978-0-87779-101-0 | publisher = G. & C. Merriam Company | location = Springfield, MA }}
* {{cite book | last = Gullberg | first = Jan | year = 1997 | title = Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers | url = https://archive.org/details/mathematicsfromb1997gull | url-access = registration | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | location = New York, NY | isbn = 978-0-393-04002-9 | others = Illustrated by Pär Gullberg }}
* {{cite book | last = Hidalgo | first = David Esparza | title = Nepohualtzintzin: Computador Prehispánico en Vigencia |trans-title=The Nepohualtzintzin: An Effective Pre-Hispanic Computer | location = Tlacoquemécatl, Mexico | publisher = Editorial Diana | year = 1977 | language = es }}
* {{cite book | last = Hudgins | first = Sharon | title = The Other Side of Russia: A Slice of Life in Siberia and the Russian Far East | series = Eugenia & Hugh M. Stewart '26 Series on Eastern Europe | publisher = Texas A&M University Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-58544-404-5 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Huehnergard | editor-first = John | title = Appendix of Semitic Roots, under the root ''ʾbq''. | encyclopedia = American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language | edition = 5th | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-547-04101-8 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Trade }}
* {{cite book | last = Huff | first = Toby E. | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DA3fkX5wQMUC&q=pope+sylvester+II+reintroduced+abacus&pg=PA50 | title = The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West | year = 1993 | edition = 1st | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK | isbn = 978-0-521-43496-6 }}
* {{cite book | last = Ifrah | first = Georges | year = 2001 | title = The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | location = New York, NY | isbn = 978-0-471-39671-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_w3q2 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Jami | first = Catherine | author-link = Cathérine Jami | title = Abacus (Eastern) | encyclopedia = Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia | year = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8153-1561-2 | publisher = Garland Publishing, Inc. | location = New York, NY | editor1-last = Bud | editor1-first = Robert | editor2-last = Warner | editor2-first = Deborah Jean }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Klein | editor-first = Ernest | title = abacus | encyclopedia = A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | location = Amsterdam | year = 1966 | volume = I: A-K }}
* {{cite book | last = Körner | first = Thomas William | title = The Pleasures of Counting | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-0-521-56823-4 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/pleasuresofcount0000korn }}
* {{cite book | editor1-last = Lasserre | editor1-first = Franciscus | editor2-last = Livadaras | editor2-first = Nicolaus | publisher = Edizioni dell'Ateneo | location = Rome, Italy | title = Etymologicum Magnum Genuinum: Symeonis Etymologicum: Una Cum Magna Grammatica | lccn = 77467964 | year = 1976 | volume = Primum: α — άμωσϒέπωϛ | language = el, la }}
* {{cite book | last = Leushina | first = A. M. | title = The development of elementary mathematical concepts in preschool children | publisher = National Council of Teachers of Mathematics | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0-87353-299-0 }}
* {{cite web |last=Melville |first=Duncan J. |url=http://it.stlawu.edu/~dmelvill/mesomath/chronology.html |title=Chronology of Mesopotamian Mathematics |publisher=It.stlawu.edu |date=May 30, 2001 |access-date=Jun 19, 2014 |archive-date=January 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112180918/http://it.stlawu.edu/%7Edmelvill/mesomath/chronology.html |website=[[St. Lawrence University]] |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Mish | editor-first = Frederick C. | publisher = Merriam-Webster, Inc | title = abacus | encyclopedia = Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary | year = 2003 | edition = 11th | isbn = 978-0-87779-809-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/merriamwebstersc00merr_6 }}
* {{cite book | last = Mollin | first = Richard Anthony | title = Fundamental Number Theory with Applications | series = Discrete Mathematics and its Applications | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | location = Boca Raton, FL |date = September 1998 | isbn = 978-0-8493-3987-5 }}
* {{cite web |last=Murray |first=Geoffrey |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0720/072033.html |title=Ancient calculator is a hit with Japan's newest generation |website=The Christian Science Monitor |publisher=CSMonitor.com |date=July 20, 1982 |access-date=July 31, 2014 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224138/http://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0720/072033.html |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last = Onions | editor1-first = C. T. | editor2-last = Friedrichsen | editor2-first = G. W. S. | editor3-last = Burchfield | editor3-first = R. W. | title = abacus | encyclopedia = The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology | publisher = Oxford at the Clarendon Press | location = Oxford, UK | year = 1967 }}
* {{cite book|title=Assistive Technology for Students who are Blind Or Visually Impaired: A Guide to Assessment|first1=Ike|last1=Presley|first2=Frances Mary|last2=D'Andrea|publisher=American Foundation for the Blind|year=2009|isbn=978-0-89128-890-9|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ooYPHSv7hEoC&pg=PA61}}
* {{cite book | last = Pullan | first = J. M. | year = 1968 | title = The History of the Abacus | publisher = Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., Publishers | location = New York, NY | isbn = 978-0-09-089410-9 | lccn = 72075113 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last = Reilly | editor1-first = Edwin D. | title = Concise Encyclopedia of Computer Science | publisher = John Wiley and Sons, Inc. | location = New York, NY | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-470-09095-4 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope0000unse_v5u2 }}
* {{cite journal | last = Sanyal | first = Amitava | title = Learning by Beads | journal = Hindustan Times | date = July 6, 2008 }}
* {{cite book | last = Smith | first = David Eugene | title = History of Mathematics | volume = 2: Special Topics of Elementary Mathematics | series = Dover Books on Mathematics | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 1958 | isbn = 978-0-486-20430-7 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor1-last = Stearns | editor1-first = Peter N. | editor2-last = Langer | editor2-first = William Leonard | encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia of World History | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | location = New York, NY | year = 2001 | edition = 6th | isbn = 978-0-395-65237-4 | title = The Encyclopedia of World History: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged }}
* {{cite web |last1=Terlau |first1=Terrie |last2=Gissoni |first2=Fred |url=https://sites.aph.org/news/march-2005/ |work=APH News|title= Abacus = Pencil and Paper When Calculating|publisher=American Printing House for the Blind |date=March 2005|archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225758/http://www.aph.org/tests/abacus.html |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Trogeman | first1 = Georg | last2 = Ernst | first2 = Wolfgang | editor1-last = Trogeman | editor1-first = Georg | editor2-last = Nitussov | editor2-first = Alexander Y. | editor3-last = Ernst | editor3-first = Wolfgang | title = Computing in Russia: The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology Revealed | publisher = Vieweg+Teubner Verlag | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-3-528-05757-2 | location = Braunschweig/Wiesbaden }}
* {{cite book | last = West | first = Jessica F. | title = Number sense routines : building numerical literacy every day in grades K-3 | year = 2011 | publisher = Stenhouse Publishers | location = Portland, Me.| isbn = 978-1-57110-790-9 }}
* {{cite book | last = Williams | first = Michael R. | editor-last = Baltes | editor-first = Cheryl | title = A History of Computing technology | publisher = IEEE Computer Society Press | location = Los Alamitos, CA | edition = 2nd | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-8186-7739-7 | lccn = 96045232 }}
* {{cite book | last = Yoke | first = Ho Peng | title = Li, Qi and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China | series = Dover Science Books | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-486-41445-4 }}
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