Editing 1964 New York World's Fair (section)

=== Art and artifacts ===
Originally, the WFC made no effort to coordinate art exhibitions at the 1964 World's Fair, and Moses did not wish to subsidize art exhibits on the fairground,<ref name="Nicoletta p. 503" /> nor did he want to pay for an art pavilion himself.<ref name="nyt-1964-03-02">{{Cite news |date=March 2, 1964 |title=Art Societies Say Moses Vetoed Plan for Major Exhibit at Fair; Fear of a Controversy Over Contemporary Works Seen by Backers of Ldea |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/02/archives/art-societies-say-moses-vetoed-plan-for-major-exhibit-at-fair-fear.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Tirella pp. 97–98">{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=97–98}}</ref> After commentators spoke about the lack of art at the fair, Moses changed his mind and allowed states to display art in their pavilions.<ref name="Nicoletta pp. 503–504">{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|ps=.|pages=503–504}}</ref> Ten [[pop art]]ists designed art for the [[New York State Pavilion]]'s Theaterama,<ref name="Goldberger 2014">{{cite magazine |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |date=April 22, 2014 |title=What Will Become of New York's Most Beautiful Ruin? |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/04/new-york-state-pavilion-reopen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610010930/https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/04/new-york-state-pavilion-reopen |archive-date=June 10, 2023 |access-date=May 12, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref><ref name="Stern (1995) p. 1036">{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1036}}</ref> and the Fine Arts pavilion displayed 250 contemporary artists' work.<ref name="Barry 1964" /><ref name="nyt-1964-05-13">{{Cite news |date=May 13, 1964 |title=Pavilion at Fair to Show Fine Art; Former Argentine Unit to Display American Works |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/13/archives/pavilion-at-fair-to-show-fine-art-former-argentine-unit-to-display.html |access-date=June 2, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Foreign nations also displayed art and artifacts at the fair.<ref name="The Globe and Mail 1963">{{Cite news |date=November 22, 1963 |title=Important Role for Arts In N.Y. World's Fair Plan |work=The Globe and Mail |page=B3 |id={{ProQuest|1282792724}}}}</ref> Spain displayed works from artists such as [[Francisco Goya]], [[El Greco]], [[Joan Miró]], [[Pablo Picasso]], and [[Diego Velázquez]].<ref name="Tirella p. 202" /><ref name="Nicoletta (2010) pp. 505–506">{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|pages=505–506|ps=.}}</ref> The United Arab Republic displayed artifacts from several historical eras;<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 25, 1964 |title=Fair to Get Touch of Ancient Egypt; Collection of Treasures to Be Sent by U. A. R. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/25/archives/fair-to-get-touch-of-ancient-egypt-collection-of-treasures-to-be.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Nicoletta (2010) pp. 505–506" /> the Sudan pavilion displayed a 1,300-year-old Madonna fresco;<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 26, 1964 |title=Sudan's Madonna Damaged at Fair; Cracks in Ancient Fresco Force Closing of Hall |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/26/archives/sudans-madonna-damaged-at-fair-cracks-in-ancient-fresco-force.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> the Jordan pavilion showed the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]]; and the Republic of China pavilion displayed Chinese jade.<ref name="The Globe and Mail 1963" /> During the 1965 season, the Mexico pavilion displayed art, including [[Mesoamerica]]n pieces and works by [[José Clemente Orozco]], [[Diego Rivera]], [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], and [[Rufino Tamayo]].<ref name="Nicoletta (2010) pp. 508–509">{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|pages=508–509|ps=.}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1965-05-26">{{cite news |date=May 26, 1965 |title=Art From Mexico Is Shown at Fair; Rivera Painting and Carving by Aztecs on Display |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/26/archives/art-from-mexico-is-shown-at-fair-rivera-painting-and-carving-by.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Though art was also displayed in gift shops throughout the fair, WFC officials generally only publicized artwork that was exhibited in pavilions.<ref name="Nicoletta (2010) pp. 512–513">{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|pages=512–513|ps=.}}</ref>

There were 95 sculptures at the fair,<ref name="Rhoades 2014 k912" /> including five permanent sculptures,<ref name="Rhoades 2014 j066">{{cite web |last=Rhoades |first=Liz |date=May 15, 2014 |title=Wide Range of Art at '64 World's Fair |url=https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/wide-range-of-art-at-64-world-s-fair/article_05a5ef3c-c28a-58d8-a1f7-79de2c5290a4.html |access-date=May 26, 2024 |website=Queens Chronicle}}</ref> four which remain in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park: ''Forms in Transit'' by [[Theodore Roszak (artist)|Theodore Roszak]], ''Freedom of the Human Spirit'' by [[Marshall Fredericks]], ''Free Form'' by [[José de Rivera]], and ''[[Rocket Thrower]]'' by [[Donald De Lue]].<ref name="Rhoades 2014 j066" /> ''Armillary Sphere'' by [[Paul Manship]], was vandalized and the remaining pieces were stolen in 1980.<ref name="Rhoades 2014 j066" /><ref name="Colangelo 2014 k247">{{cite web |last=Colangelo |first=Lisa L. |date=June 24, 2014 |title=Two Rare World's Fair Sculptures Once Stolen from Flushing Meadows Corona Park Are Part of a New Exhibit at the Arsenal Gallery in Central Park |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2014/06/24/two-rare-worlds-fair-sculptures-once-stolen-from-flushing-meadows-corona-park-are-part-of-a-new-exhibit-at-the-arsenal-gallery-in-central-park/ |access-date=May 26, 2024 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref> The temporary sculptures included [[Pietà (Michelangelo)|''Pietà'']] by [[Michelangelo]] at the Vatican pavilion,<ref name="The Globe and Mail 1963" /><ref name="Rhoades 2014 j066" /> which was one of the fair's most-popular exhibits.<ref name="Tirella p. 48">{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=48}}</ref>