Editing Ātman (Hinduism) (section)

===Dharma-sutras===
The Dharmasutras and Dharmasastras integrate the teachings of ''Atman'' theory. Apastamba Dharmasutra, the oldest known Indian text on dharma, for example, titles Chapters 1.8.22 and 1.8.23 as "Knowledge of the Atman" and then recites,<ref name=apastamba1>Sanskrit Original: [http://www.hinduonline.co/vedicreserve/kalpa/dharma/apastamba_dharma_sutra.pdf Apastamba Dharma Sutra] page 14;<br>'''English Translation 1''': [https://archive.org/stream/sacredlawsofarya00buhliala#page/n139/mode/2up Knowledge of the Atman] Apastamba Dharmasutra, The Sacred Laws of the Aryas, [[Georg Bühler]] (Translator), pages 75-79;<br>'''English Translation 2''': Ludwig Alsdorf (2010), The History of Vegetarianism and Cow-Veneration in India, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415548243}}, pages 111-112;<br>'''English Translation 3''': [[Patrick Olivelle]] (1999), Dharmasutras, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0192838827}}, page 34</ref>

{{blockquote|There is no higher object than the attainment of the '''knowledge of Atman'''. We shall quote the verses from the Veda which refer to the attainment of the knowledge of the Atman. All living creatures are the dwelling of him who lies enveloped in matter, who is immortal, who is spotless. A wise man shall strive after the knowledge of the Atman. It is he [Self] who is the eternal part in all creatures, whose essence is wisdom, who is immortal, unchangeable, pure; he is the universe, he is the highest goal. – 1.8.22.2-7

[[Akrodha|Freedom from anger]], from excitement, from rage, [[Seven deadly sins#Greed|from greed]], from perplexity, [[Ārjava|from hypocrisy]], from hurtfulness (from injury to others); Speaking the truth, [[Mitahara|moderate eating]], refraining from calumny and envy, [[Dāna|sharing with others]], avoiding accepting gifts, uprightness, forgiveness, gentleness, tranquility, [[Temperance (virtue)|temperance]], amity with all living creatures, [[yoga]], honorable conduct, benevolence and contentedness – These virtues have been agreed upon for all the [[Ashrama (stage)|ashramas]]; he who, according to the precepts of the sacred law, practices these, becomes '''united with the Universal Self'''. – 1.8.23.6
|Knowledge of the Atman, [[Apastamba]] Dharma Sūtra, ~ 400 BCE<ref name=apastamba1/>}}