Editing Zebrafish (section)

====Pigmentation genes====
In 1999, the ''nacre'' mutation was identified in the zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian ''MITF'' transcription factor.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lister JA, Robertson CP, Lepage T, Johnson SL, Raible DW |title=nacre encodes a zebrafish microphthalmia-related protein that regulates neural-crest-derived pigment cell fate |journal=Development |volume=126 |issue=17 |pages=3757–3767 |date=September 1999 |pmid=10433906 |doi=10.1242/dev.126.17.3757}}</ref> Mutations in human ''[[MITF]]'' result in eye defects and loss of pigment, a type of [[Waardenburg Syndrome]]. In December 2005, a study of the ''golden'' strain identified the gene responsible for its unusual pigmentation as [[SLC24A5]], a [[solute]] carrier that appeared to be required for [[melanin]] production, and confirmed its function with a Morpholino knockdown. The [[Orthologue|orthologous]] gene was then characterized in humans and a one base pair difference was found to strongly segregate fair-skinned Europeans and dark-skinned Africans.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lamason RL, Mohideen MA, Mest JR, Wong AC, Norton HL, Aros MC, Jurynec MJ, Mao X, Humphreville VR, Humbert JE, Sinha S, Moore JL, Jagadeeswaran P, Zhao W, Ning G, Makalowska I, McKeigue PM, O'donnell D, Kittles R, Parra EJ, Mangini NJ, Grunwald DJ, Shriver MD, Canfield VA, Cheng KC |display-authors=6 |title=SLC24A5, a putative cation exchanger, affects pigmentation in zebrafish and humans |journal=Science |volume=310 |issue=5755 |pages=1782–1786 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16357253 |doi=10.1126/science.1116238 |s2cid=2245002 |bibcode=2005Sci...310.1782L}}</ref> <!-- this article is on fish, not on studies...This study featured on the cover of the [[academic journal]] [[Science (journal)|''Science'']] and demonstrates the power of zebrafish as a model organism in the relatively new field of [[comparative genomics]].--> Zebrafish with the ''nacre'' mutation have since been bred with fish with a ''roy orbison (roy)'' mutation to make Casper strain fish that have no melanophores or iridophores, and are transparent into adulthood. These fish are characterized by uniformly pigmented eyes and translucent skin.<ref name=zviv>{{cite journal |vauthors=White RM, Sessa A, Burke C, Bowman T, LeBlanc J, Ceol C, Bourque C, Dovey M, Goessling W, Burns CE, Zon LI |display-authors=6 |title=Transparent adult zebrafish as a tool for in vivo transplantation analysis |journal=Cell Stem Cell |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=183–189 |date=February 2008 |pmid=18371439 |pmc=2292119 |doi=10.1016/j.stem.2007.11.002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.livescience.com/2267-scientists-create-fish-watch-cancer-grow.html |title=Scientists Create See-Through Fish, Watch Cancer Grow |author1=Jeanna Bryner |date=February 6, 2008 |website=livescience.com |access-date=January 23, 2022 |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519141106/https://www.livescience.com/2267-scientists-create-fish-watch-cancer-grow.html |url-status=live}}</ref>