Editing Wilhelm Busch (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Hannover Wilhelm-Busch-Museum.jpg|thumb|right|240px|The [[Wilhelm Busch Museum]] in the [[Georgenpalais]], Hanover]]
[[File:Busch Haus Mechtshausen.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Museum Wilhelm-Busch-Haus in Busch's former home in [[Mechtshausen]]]]
Busch celebrated his 70th birthday at his nephew's house in [[Hattorf am Harz]]. More than 1,000 congratulatory messages were sent to Mechtshausen from around the world. [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] praised the poet and artist, whose "exquisite works are full of genuine humour and are everlasting for the German people".<ref>Weissweiler, p. 340</ref> The Austrian [[:de:Alldeutsche Vereinigung|Alldeutsche Vereinigung]] (Pan-German Association) repealed the ban on ''Der heilige Antonius von Padua''.<ref name="K1" /> Verlag Braun & Schneider, who owned the rights of ''Max and Moritz'', gave Busch {{Reichsmark|20,000|link=yes}} (around €200,000 or $270,000), which was donated to two hospitals in [[Hanover]].<ref name="K1">Kraus, p. 156</ref>

Since then, on the anniversary dates of his birth and death, he has been celebrated frequently. During the 175th anniversary in 2007, there were numerous re-publications of Busch works. [[Deutsche Post]] issued stamps depicting the Busch character Hans Huckebein – itself the inspiration for the nickname of the never-built [[Focke-Wulf Ta 183]] German jet fighter design of 1945 – and the German Republic minted a 10 [[Euro]] silver coin faced with his portrait.<ref>[http://www.pressedienst-numismatik.de/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=242&Itemid=37 "Wilhelm Busch wird mit 10-Euro-Silbergedenkmünze geehrt"] (in German), Pressedienst Numismatik, 7 June 2007</ref> Hanover declared 2007 the "Wilhelm Busch Year", with [[advertising column|images]] featuring Busch works erected within the city centre.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/reise/article806534/Zuhause-bei-Max-und-Moritz.html|title=Zuhause bei Max und Moritz|trans-title=At Home with Max and Moritz|newspaper=Die Welt|author=Lammert, Andrea|language=de|date=15 April 2007|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref>

The [[Wilhelm Busch Prize]] is awarded annually for satirical and humorous poetry. The Wilhelm Busch Society, active since 1930, aims to "(...) collect, scientifically revise, and promote Wilhelm Busch's works with the public". It supports the development of [[caricature]] and satirical artwork as a recognized branch of the visual arts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karikatur-museum.de/index.php|title=Home Page|publisher=Wilhelm Busch&nbsp;– Deutsches Museum für Karikatur & Zeichenkunst|language=de|access-date=31 March 2013}}</ref> It is an advocate of the [[Wilhelm Busch Museum]].<ref>[http://www.wilhelm-busch-museum.de/ Homepage of the Deutsches Museum für Karikatur und Zeichenkunst] (in German). Retrieved on 14 January 2013</ref> Memorials are located in places he lived, including Wiedensahl, Ebergötzen, Lüthorst, Mechtshausen, and Hattorf am Harz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karikatur-museum.de/233_Gedenkstaetten.html|title=Gedenkstätten|trans-title=Memorials|publisher=Deutsches Museum für Karikatur und Zeichenkunst|language=de|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref>

===Influence on comics===
[[Andreas C. Knigge]] described Busch as the "first virtuoso" of illustrated stories.<ref>[[Andreas C. Knigge|Knigge, Andreas C.]]: ''Comics&nbsp;– Vom Massenblatt ins multimediale Abenteuer'', p. 14. Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 1996.</ref> From the second half of the twentieth century he was considered the "Forefather of Comics".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/zeitung/der-urvater-des-comics/1125978.html | title=Urvater des Comics |trans-title=Forefather of Comics|author=Töpper, Stephan | newspaper=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de| date=22 December 2007 | access-date= 28 January 2013}}</ref> His early illustrations differ from those of the colleagues of Kaspar Braun. They show an increasing focus on protagonists, are less detailed in drawing and atmosphere, and develop from a dramatic understanding of the whole story.<ref>Schury, p. 80</ref> All Busch's illustrated tales have a plot that firstly describes the circumstance, then a resulting conflict, then solution.<ref>Ruby, Daniel: ''Schema und Variation&nbsp;— Untersuchungen zum Bildergeschichtenwerk Wilhelm Buschs''. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Frankfurt am Main 1998, {{ISBN|3-631-49725-3}}, p. 26</ref> Plots are developed through consecutive scenes, similar to film storyboards. Busch conveys an impression of movement and action, at times strengthened through a change of perspective.<ref>Ueding, p. 193.</ref> According to Gert Ueding, his depiction of movement is unique.<ref>Ueding, p. 196</ref>

One of Busch's notable stories is ''Der Virtuos'' (1865), which describes the life of a pianist who plays privately for an excited listener. Satirizing the self-publicizing artist's attitude and his overblown adoration, it varies from Busch's other stories as each scene does not contain prose, but is defined with music terminology, such as "Introduzione", "Maestoso", and "Fortissimo vivacissimo". As the scenes increase in tempo, each part of his body and [[lappet]] run around. The penultimate scene again depicts the pianist's movements, with score sheets floating above the grand piano on which musical notes are dancing.<ref>Weissweiler, pp. 142–143</ref><ref>Schury, p. 81</ref> Over the years graphic artists have been fascinated by ''Der Virtuos''. [[August Macke]], in a letter to gallery owner [[Herwarth Walden]], described Busch as the first [[Futurism|Futurist]], stating how well he captured time and movement.<ref>Weissweiler, pp. 143–144</ref> Similar pioneering scenes are in ''Bilder zur Jobsiade'' (1872). Job fails to answer rather easy questions set by twelve clergy, who shake their heads in synchronicity. Each scene is a movement study that presages [[Eadweard Muybridge]]'s photography. Muybridge began his work in 1872, not released until 1893.<ref>Weissweiler, pp. 204–205</ref>

==="Moritzian" influence===
[[File:Katzenjammer1901.jpg|right|thumb|240px|A scene from [[Rudolph Dirks]]' ''[[The Katzenjammer Kids]]'', 1901]]
Busch's greatest success, both within Germany and internationally, was with ''Max and Moritz'':<ref>Wessling, p. 73</ref> Up to the time of his death it was translated into English, Danish, Hebrew, Japanese, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Hungarian, Swedish, and Walloonian.<ref>Schury, p. 99</ref> Several countries banned the story&nbsp;– about 1929 the [[Styria]]n school board prohibited sales of ''Max and Moritz'' to teens under eighteen.<ref>Wessling, p. 76</ref> By 1997 more than 281 dialect and language translations had been produced.<ref>Diers, p. 64</ref>

Some early "Moritzian" comic strips were heavily influenced by Busch in plot and narrative style. ''Tootle and Bootle'' (1896), borrowed so much content from ''Max and Moritz'' that it was described as a pirate edition.<ref name="we331">Weissweiler, p. 331</ref> The true "Moritzian" recreation is ''[[The Katzenjammer Kids]]'' by German artist [[Rudolph Dirks]], published in the ''[[New York Journal-American|New York Journal]]'' from 1897. It was published though [[William Randolph Hearst]]'s suggestion that a pair of siblings following the pattern of "Max and Moritz" should be created.<ref name="we331" /> ''The Katzenjammer Kids'' is regarded as one of the oldest, continuous [[comic strip]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1989458_1989457_1989441,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520024522/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1989458_1989457_1989441,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2010 |title=Top 10 Long-Running Comic Strips / The Katzenjammer Kids |author=Claire Suddath |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] magazine |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 April 2013}}</ref>

German "Moritzian"-inspired stories include ''Lies und Lene; die Schwestern von Max und Moritz'' (Hulda Levetzow, F. Maddalena, 1896), ''Schlumperfritz und Schlamperfranz'' (1922), ''Sigismund und Waldemar, des Max und Moritz Zwillingspaar'' (Walther Günther, 1932), and ''Mac und Mufti'' (Thomas Ahlers, Volker Dehs, 1987).<ref>Diers, pp. 65–67</ref> These are shaped by observations of the First and Second World Wars, while the original is a moral story.<ref>Ueding, p. 80</ref> In 1958 the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] used the ''Max and Moritz'' characters for a [[Political campaign|campaign]] in North Rhine-Westphalia, the same year that the [[East Germany|East German]] satirical magazine ''[[Eulenspiegel (magazine)|Eulenspiegel]]'' used them to caricature black labour. In 1969 ''Max and Moritz'' "participated" in late 1960s [[German student movement|student activism]].<ref>Diers, p. 67</ref>

<!--==Partial list of works ==
{{ref improve|section|date=April 2019}}
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*1859 – ''Die kleinen Honigdiebe''
*1864 – ''Bilderpossen''
*1865 – ''[[Max and Moritz|Max und Moritz]]''<ref>[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Max_und_Moritz "Max und Moritz"], De.wikisource.org</ref>
*1866 – ''Schnaken und Schnurren''
*1866 – ''Zwei Diebe''
*1866 – ''Die Strafe der Faulheit''
*1866 – ''Der Lohn des Fleißes''
*1867 – ''Hans [[Focke-Wulf Ta 183|Huckebein]], der Unglücksrabe''
*1868 – ''Schnaken und Schnurren, part II''
*1869 – ''Schnurrdiburr oder die Bienen Braun''
*1869?- ''Die kühne Müllerstochter. Der Schreihals. Die Prise''
*1870 – ''Der heilige [[Anthony of Padua|Antonius von Padua]]''
*1872 – ''Schnaken und Schnurren, part III''
*1872 – ''Die fromme Helene''
*1872 – ''Bilder zur Jobsiade''
*1872 – ''Pater Filuzius''
*1873 – ''Der Geburtstag oder die Partikularisten''
*1874 – ''Dideldum!''
*1874 – ''Kritik des Herzens''
*1875 – ''Abenteuer eines Junggesellen''
*1876 – ''Herr und Frau Knopp''
*1877 – ''Julchen''
*1878 – ''Die Haarbeutel''
*1879 – ''Fipps, der Affe''
*1881 – ''Stippstörchen für Äuglein und Öhrchen''
*1881 – ''Der Fuchs. Die Drachen.&nbsp;– Zwei lustige Sachen''
*1882 – ''Plisch und Plum''
*1883 – ''Balduin Bählamm, der verhinderte Dichter''
*1884 – ''Maler Klecksel''
*1891 – ''Eduards Traum''
*1893 – ''Von mir über mich'' (autobiography)
*1895 – ''Der Schmetterling''
*1904 – ''Zu guter Letzt''
*1908 – ''Hernach''
*1909 – ''Schein und Sein''
*1910 – ''Ut ôler Welt'' (legends)
}}-->