Editing White trash (section)

==In popular culture==

===White popular culture===
* In 1900, [[Evelyn Greenleaf Sutherland]]'s play ''Po' White Trash'', explored the complicated cultural tensions and social and racial status of poor whites in the post-Reconstruction South.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Jessica |last=Hester |title=Progressivism, Suffragists and Constructions of Race: Evelyn Greenleaf Sutherland's 'Po' White Trash' |journal=Women's Writing |year=2008 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=55–68 |doi=10.1080/09699080701871443 |s2cid=161502612}}</ref>
* In [[O Henry]]'s short story "Shoes" (c.1907), the Alabaman protagonist, John De Graffenreid Atwood refers to a former adversary, Pink Dawson, as "poor white trash".<ref>[[O. Henry|Henry, O.]] (c.1907) [https://americanliterature.com/author/o-henry/short-story/shoes "Shoes"] AmericanLiterature.com</ref> * [[George Bernard Shaw]] uses the term in his 1909 play ''[[The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet]]'', set in the wild American west. The prostitute Feemy calls Blanco "white trash."
*[[Ernest Matthew Mickler]]'s ''White Trash Cooking'' (1986), based on the cooking of rural white Southerners, enjoyed an unanticipated rise to popularity.<ref name="McDowell 1986">{{cite news |last=McDowell |first=Edwin |title=Popular Cookbook Celebrates Down-Home Fare |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 22, 1986 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/22/arts/popular-cookbook-celebrates-down-home-fare.html |access-date=March 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050738/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/22/arts/popular-cookbook-celebrates-down-home-fare.html |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Edge, John T. |date=2007 |title=White Trash Cooking, Twenty Years Later |journal=Southern Quarterly |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=88–94}}</ref><ref name="Smith 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Dina |title=Cultural Studies' Misfit: White Trash Studies |journal=The Mississippi Quarterly |date=2004 |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=369–388 |issn=0026-637X |jstor=26466979}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Edge, John T. |url=http://www.oxfordamericanmag.com/content.cfm?ArticleID=46&Entry=Extras |title=Let Us Now Praise Fabulous Cooks: From the Florida swamps, a cookbook that turned a slur into a badge of honor |date=September 9, 2006 |website=Oxford American |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909171549/http://www.oxfordamericanmag.com/content.cfm?ArticleID=46&Entry=Extras |archive-date=September 9, 2006}}</ref> Sherrie A. Inness writes that authors such as Mickler use humor to convey the experience of living on the margins of white society, and to expand the definition of American culinary history beyond upper-class traditions based on European cooking.<ref name="Inness 2005">{{cite book |last1=Inness |first1=Sherrie A. |title=Secret Ingredients: Race, Gender, and Class at the Dinner Table |date=2005 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=978-1-34-953164-6 |page=147 |language=en}}</ref>
* By the 1980s, fiction was being published by Southern authors who identified as having redneck or white trash origins, such as [[Harry Crews]], [[Dorothy Allison]], Larry Brown, and Tim McLaurin.<ref>Bledsoe, Erik (2000) [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southern_cultures/summary/v006/6.1.bledsoe.html "The Rise of Southern Redneck and White Trash Writers"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714100236/http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/southern_cultures/summary/v006/6.1.bledsoe.html |date=July 14, 2015 }}, ''Southern Cultures'' 6#1 pp. 68–90</ref> 
* Autobiographies sometimes mention white trash origins. Gay rights activist [[Amber L. Hollibaugh]] wrote: "I grew up a [[mixed-race]], white-trash girl in a country that considered me dangerous, corrupt, fascinating, exotic. I responded to the challenge by becoming that alarming, hazardous, sexually disruptive woman."<ref>{{cite book |author=Hollibaugh, Amber L. |title=My Dangerous Desires: A Queer Girl Dreaming Her Way Home |url=https://archive.org/details/mydangerousdesir00holl |url-access=registration |year=2000 |publisher=Duke University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mydangerousdesir00holl/page/12 12], 209 |isbn=978-0-8223-2619-9}}</ref>
*[[Dolly Parton]] regularly referred to herself as white trash telling ''[[Southern Living]]''

<blockquote>White trash! I am. People always say, 'Aren't you insulted when people call you white trash?' I say, 'Well it depends on who's calling me white trash and how they mean it.' But we really were, to some degree. Because when you're that poor and you're not educated, you fall in those categories.<ref>{{cite web |author=Staff |url=https://m.news24.com/You/Archive/dolly-parton-thinks-shes-white-trash-20170728 |title=Dolly Parton thinks she's 'white trash'! |date=September 12, 2014 |website=News24 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043849/https://m.news24.com/You/Archive/dolly-parton-thinks-shes-white-trash-20170728 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

:Talking about her fame, Parton said "There’s nothing like white trash at the White House!"<ref>{{cite web |author=Frank, Alex |url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1325-dolly-parton-is-for-everyone/ |title=Dolly Parton Is for Everyone |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |date=October 20, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043444/https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1325-dolly-parton-is-for-everyone/amp/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Hoppe, Graham |date=Spring 2017 |url=http://www.southerncultures.org/article/icon-identity-dolly-partons-hillbilly-appeal/ |title=Icon and Identity: Dolly Parton's Hillbilly Appeal |website=Southern Cultures |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306050541/http://www.southerncultures.org/article/icon-identity-dolly-partons-hillbilly-appeal/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> She cheerfully told ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' she will always remain "a white-trash person".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/interview-dolly-parton-2-237948/ |author=Dunn, Jancee |title=Interview: Dolly Parton |date=October 30, 2003 |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044651/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/interview-dolly-parton-2-237948/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* President [[Jimmy Carter]] quoted a supporter who called him "white trash made good".<ref>{{cite news |last=Lozada |first=Carlos |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/06/23/a-cultural-and-political-history-of-white-trash-america/ |title='White Trash' - a cultural and political history of an American underclass |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=June 23, 2016 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044902/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2016/06/23/a-cultural-and-political-history-of-white-trash-america/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> In his 2001 biography ''An Hour Before Daylight: Memories of a Rural Boyhood'', Carter wrote about poor white people in the 1920s and 1930s rural Georgia "For those who were lazy or dishonest, or had repulsive personal habits, 'white trash' was a greater insult than any epithet based on race."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prospect.org/article/books-review |title=Books in Review |first=Wen |last=Stephenson |date=September 16, 2002 |access-date=March 5, 2019 |via=American Prospect |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042734/https://prospect.org/article/books-review |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine lampooned a book on Carter as a "Southern white trash novel".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-dasher-the-roots-and-the-rising-of-jimmy-carter-vol-9-no-14/ |author=Staff |title=Picks and Pans Review: Dasher: the Roots and the Rising of Jimmy Carter |date=April 10, 1978 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=March 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044644/https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-dasher-the-roots-and-the-rising-of-jimmy-carter-vol-9-no-14/ |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*In 2006, country music star [[Toby Keith]] released an album called ''[[White Trash with Money]]'', which reached platinum sales levels.<ref>Staff (June 27, 2006) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230104153418/https://www.cmt.com/news/ddwmgh/toby-keiths-white-trash-with-money-certified-platinum "Toby Keith's 'White Trash With Money' Certified Platinum"] [[CMT.com]]</ref>
* An, earlier example of self-identification is the 1969 song "[[Fancy (Bobbie Gentry song)|Fancy]]" which was written and recorded by singer [[Bobbie Gentry]]. In the song, which was in part inspired by Gentry's own life, Gentry describes the narrator's impoverished childhood as having been "born just plain white trash", a beginning which leads her into prostitution to escape from the cycle of poverty.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sawyer |first=Bobbie Jean |date=2020-12-29 |title='Fancy': The Story Behind Bobbie Gentry and Reba McEntire's Southern Rags to Riches Tale |url=https://www.wideopencountry.com/fancy-reba-mcentire/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Wide Open Country |language=en-US}}</ref>
* American pop culture connects being rural "white trash" man to drinking and violence.<ref>Eastman, Jason T. and Schrock, Douglas P. (2008) [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41675366 "Southern Rock Musicians' Construction of White Trash"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204220047/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41675366 |date=December 4, 2018 }}, ''Race, Gender & Class'', v.15, n.1/2, pp.205-219</ref>

===Black popular culture===
* Use of "white trash" epithets has been extensively reported in [[African-American culture]] and [[African-American folktales|folklore]].<ref>[[William Julius Wilson|Wilson, William Julius]] in Cashmore, Ernest and Jennings, James eds. (2001) ''Racism: Essential Readings'' Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. {{isbn|9780761971979}}. p.188</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Roediger, David R. |date=1999 |title=Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to be White |pages=13, 123 |location=New York |publisher=Schocken Books |isbn=978-0-8052-1114-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Folklore |date=2006 |volume=2 |pages=966 |author=Prahlad, Anand}}</ref> As an example, enslaved blacks would, when out of earshot, refer to harsh slave owners as "lower than poor white trash".<ref>{{cite book |author=Nolen, Claude H. |title=African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction |date=2005 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-2451-1 |pages=81}}</ref> Some black authors have noted that blacks, when taunted by whites as "[[niggers]]", taunted back, calling them "white trash".<ref>{{cite book |author=Kolin, Philip C. |date=2007 |title=Contemporary African American Women Playwrights |pages=29 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-97826-2}}</ref>
* [[Zora Neale Hurston]]'s ''[[Seraph on the Suwanee]]'' (1948) explored images of "white trash" women. In 2000, Chuck Jackson argued in the ''[[African American Review]]'' that Hurston critiques the [[eugenics]] discourses of the 1920s.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Chuck |last=Jackson |title=Waste and Whiteness: Zora Neale Hurston and the Politics of Eugenics |journal=African American Review |year=2000 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=639–660 |doi=10.2307/2901423 |jstor=2901423}}</ref>