Editing Water wheel (section)

==== Australia ====
[[File:Garfield water wheel (State Library of Victoria IE1864826).jpg|thumb|202x202px|[[Garfield water wheel]] (built 1887)]]

Australia has a relatively dry climate, nonetheless, where suitable water resources were available, water wheels were constructed in 19th-century Australia. These were used to power sawmills, flour mills, and [[Stamp mill|stamper batteries]] used to crush gold-bearing ore. Notable examples of water wheels used in gold recovery operations were the large [[Garfield water wheel]] near [[Chewton, Victoria|Chewton]]—one of at least seven water wheels in the surrounding area—and the two water wheels at [[Adelong Falls Gold Workings|Adelong Falls]]; some remnants exist at both sites.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Davies|first1=Peter |last2=Lawrence|first2=Susan |date=2013|title=The Garfield water wheel: hydraulic power on the Victorian goldfields|url=http://www.asha.org.au/pdf/australasian_historical_archaeology/31_04_Davies_and_Lawrence.pdf |journal=Australasian Historical Archaeology|volume=31|pages=25–32}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Garfield Water Wheel|url=https://www.goldfieldsguide.com.au/explore-location/368/garfield-water-wheel/ |access-date=2022-02-06|website=www.goldfieldsguide.com.au}}</ref><ref name="nswshr-72">{{cite NSW SHR|5045640|Adelong Falls Gold Workings/Reserve|hr=00072|fn=S90/07141 & HC 30495|accessdate=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pearson|first=Warwick |date=1997|title=Water-Powered Flourmills in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania|url=http://www.asha.org.au/pdf/australasian_historical_archaeology/15_04_Pearson.pdf |journal=Australasian Historical Archaeology|volume=15|pages=66–78}}</ref> The mining area at [[Walhalla, Victoria|Walhalla]] once had at least two water wheels, one of which was rolled to its site from [[Port Albert]], on its rim using a novel trolley arrangement, taking nearly 90 days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Walhalla's Water Wheels |url=https://www.walhalla.org.au/news/wwheel.htm |access-date=2022-09-10 |website=www.walhalla.org.au}}</ref> A [[Stewart Ryrie, Junior#Flour mill at Jindabyne|water wheel at Jindabyne]], constructed in 1847, was the first machine used to extract energy—for flour milling—from the [[Snowy River]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1918-06-10 |title=THE SOIL. |work=Daily Telegraph |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article239256787 |access-date=2022-09-04}}</ref>

Compact water wheels, known as [[Dethridge wheel]]s, were used not as sources of power but to measure water flows to irrigated land.<ref>{{Citation|last=McNicoll|first=Ronald |title=Dethridge, John Stewart (1865–1926)|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dethridge-john-stewart-5966 |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|place=Canberra|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|language=en|access-date=2022-02-06}}</ref>